Triplet management for room-temperature continuous-wave perovskite lasers
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iplet management for room-temperature continuous-wave perovskite lasers 1
1,2*
Haiyun Dong & Yong-Sheng Zhao 1
Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; 2 School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China Received September 11, 2020; accepted September 16, 2020; published online September 28, 2020
Citation:
Dong H, Zhao YS. Triplet management for room-temperature continuous-wave perovskite lasers. Sci China Chem, 2020, 63, https://doi.org/10.1007/ s11426-020-9877-7
Over the past sixty years, lasers have undergone substantial developments and have revolutionized sciences, technologies, and industries. In particular, the invention of compact semiconductor lasers has made this technology an integral part of everyday life. Metal halide perovskites have recently emerged as an outstanding class of semiconductors holding great potentials in further advancing the laser technology [1]. As direct-bandgap semiconductors, the perovskites exhibit very high optical gains comparable to the industry reference materials, gallium arsenide. Their chemical diversity enables broadband tunable lasing from visible to near-infrared spectral regions. The solution-processability makes the perovskites suitable for low-cost and large-area laser applications. Most importantly, the perovskites are promising for electrically pumped lasers due to their high and balanced charge carrier mobilities. The solution-processed electrically pumped laser that is expected to unlock a wide range of laser applications is a ‘holy grail’ of optoelectronics [2]. Continuous-wave (c.w.) lasing is widely regarded as a key stepping stone on the path to a laser diode. The c.w. lasing has been realized in the perovskites but only at cryogenic temperature [3,4]. The intrinsic mechanism leading to the ‘lasing death’ phenomenon in perovskites at room temperature (RT) is still unclear. Writing in Nature, Qin, Adachi and co-workers [5] attempted to reveal the mechanism causing the perovskite’s lasing death and build RT c.w. perovskite lasers. Quasi-two-dimensional (2D) perovskites
with self-organized quantum well architectures gain an edge in the laser generation because of their high stability and large exciton binding energy. Ultrafast spectroscopy demonstrated the formation of triplet excitons in the quasi-2D perovskites [6]. The triplet accumulation and absorption was speculated to be the reason for the perovskite’s lasing death. To assess the influence of triplet excitons on lasing, two quasi-2D formamidinium lead bromide (FAPbBr3) perovskites were synthesized by incorporating two large organic ammonium cations with different triplet energies, phenylethylammonium (PEA) and 1-naphthylmethylammonium − (NMA ) (Figure 1(a)). The PEA has higher triplet energy than the 2D FAPbBr3 perovskite, which means the triplet excitons are confined in the perovskites. By contrast, the NMA with lower triplet energy quenches the triplet excitons in the 2D FAPbBr3 perovskit
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