Trypanosomatid species in Didelphis albiventris from urban forest fragments
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PROTOZOOLOGY - ORIGINAL PAPER
Trypanosomatid species in Didelphis albiventris from urban forest fragments Wesley Arruda Gimenes Nantes 1 & Filipe Martins Santos 1 & Gabriel Carvalho de Macedo 1 & Wanessa Texeira Gomes Barreto 2 & Luiz Ricardo Gonçalves 3 & Marina Silva Rodrigues 4 & Jenyfer Valesca Monteiro Chulli 5 & Andreza Castro Rucco 1 & William de Oliveira Assis 1 & Grasiela Edith de Oliveira Porfírio 6 & Carina Elisei de Oliveira 1,5 & Samanta Cristina das Chagas Xavier 4 Heitor Miraglia Herrera 1,2,5 & Ana Maria Jansen 1,4
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Received: 13 July 2020 / Accepted: 5 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Urbanization results in loss of natural habitats and, consequently, reduction of richness and abundance of specialist to the detriment of generalist species. We hypothesized that a greater richness of trypanosomatid in Didelphis albiventris would be found in fragments of urban forests in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, that presented a larger richness of small mammals. We used parasitological, molecular, and serological methods to detect Trypanosoma spp. infection in D. albiventris (n = 43) from forest fragments. PCR was performed with primers specific for 18S rDNA, 24Sα rDNA, mini-chromosome satellites, and mini-exon genes. IFAT was used to detect anti–Trypanosoma cruzi IgG. All hemoculture was negative. We detected trypanosomatid DNA in blood of 35% of opossum. Two opossums were seropositive for T. cruzi. The trypanosomatid species number infecting D. albiventris was higher in the areas with greater abundance, rather than richness of small mammals. We found D. albiventris parasitized by T. cruzi in single and co-infections with Leishmania spp., recently described molecular operational taxonomic unit (MOTU) named DID, and Trypanosoma lainsoni. We concluded that (i) trypanosome richness may be determined by small mammal abundance, (ii) D. albiventris confirmed to be bio-accumulators of trypanosomatids, and (iii) T. lainsoni demonstrated a higher host range than described up to the present. Keywords Trypanosoma cruzi . Leishmania . Trypanosoma lainsoni . DID . Trypanosomatidae
Section Editor: Nawal Hijjawi
Introduction
* Filipe Martins Santos [email protected]
Urbanization dramatically alters the landscape of natural environments, often with negative impact on species richness, movement, and parasite transmission networks (FountainJones et al. 2017). Furthermore, negative impacts due to human encroachment do not occur homogenously. Individual species respond differently to disruption by urbanization depending on their adaptive ability, and this is related to their sensitivity to disturbance and requirements for food and shelter (Garden et al. 2006; Sih et al. 2011). The fragmentation of natural environments is an important consequence of urbanization and leads to habitat loss with consequent reduction of species richness and abundance. This is associated with decreases in habitat specialist species and increases in populations or even number of
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