Ultraviolet sensors using a luminescent europium (III) complex on acrylonitrile butadiene styrene polymer
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ge V.L. Silva, Marcelo Oliveira, and Izaque I. Maia Centro da Tecnologia da Informação Renato Archer, CEP 13069-901 Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil (Received 10 January 2012; accepted 29 March 2012)
In this article, the sol-gel methodology was used for coating an acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) polymer prepared by the rapid prototyping technology with a colloid containing the europium III dipicolinic complex, which presents high emission when excited in the ultraviolet region. Either acid or base was used for treatment of the ABS polymer, with a view to activating its surface. The thermal analysis evidenced a residual mass after 600 °C, which indicated that the coating adhered to the substrate. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the structure of the ABS polymer was not affected by the sol-gel treatment. The large band centered at 287 nm, ascribed to ligand-metal charge transfer, can be used to excite the europium III dipicolinic complex in the ultraviolet C and ultraviolet B regions. The emission appears in the characteristic red region of the electromagnetic spectrum. These results indicate that the obtained material is a candidate for use as ultraviolet sensor. I. INTRODUCTION
The luminescent properties of lanthanide ions have been extensively studied because of their several useful applications in the areas of medicine,1 solid state lasers, color TV monitors, fluorescent lamps,2 and phosphors,3–5 among others.6 The spectroscopic properties of lanthanide ions, especially europium (III), have prompted their use as luminescent probes. This is due to the facile interpretation of the europium (III) emission spectra, which depend on the surroundings of the ion.4,7–11 Although the low absorptive coefficient of lanthanide ions has limited their utilization, they form stable coordination compounds in which the lanthanide preferentially binds to oxygen or nitrogen atoms on the ligand. This fact, combined with the resulting ligand-to-metal energy transfer (LMCT) has led to their increasing use in countless fields. In this context, dipicolinic acid (2,6-pyridinecarboxylate) is a tridentate ligand that is able to coordinate to metal ions via its oxygen and/or nitrogen atoms. There are various literature works on the spectroscopic characterization of complexes of lanthanide ions with dipicolinic acid (dpa), and many of their applications have been described.4,12–18 The dpa ligand presents high absorptivity coefficient, and its coordination with lanthanide ions via its oxygen and nitrogen atoms culminates in luminescent compounds.
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Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected] DOI: 10.1557/jmr.2012.129 2088
J. Mater. Res., Vol. 27, No. 16, Aug 28, 2012
http://journals.cambridge.org
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Rapid Prototyping (RP) is a technology through which a virtual image is transformed into a solid 3D piece.19 The Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) makes use of an ABS polymer to obtain such a piece.20 This technique utilizes the fusion temperature of the ABS polymer to prompt the formation of
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