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S. I. GEOLOGY OF AFRICA

Upper Campanian-Maastrichtian calcareous nannoplankton biostratigraphy and paleoecology in Wadi Qena, Eastern Desert, Egypt Abdel Galil A. Hewaidy 1 & Madhat M. M. Mandur 2 & Sherif Farouk 2 & Ibrahim S. El Agroudy 2 Received: 3 October 2018 / Accepted: 17 April 2019 / Published online: 30 May 2019 # Saudi Society for Geosciences 2019

Abstract The Upper Campanian/Maastrichtian calcareous nannofossils from the Hawashiya and Umm Omeiyied exposed sections at Wadi Qena, have been examined. The studied interval is represented by the Sudr Formation. This formation rests uncomfortably on the Upper Campanian Rakhiyat Formation and is uncomfortably underlain by the Paleocene Dakhla Formation. The studied calcareous nannofossils assemblage is highly diverse and comprises mostly of well-preserved specimens. The assemblages include abundant Watznaueria spp., Arkhangelskiella spp., and Micula spp., in addition to many other taxa. Both studied sections are divided into seven calcareous nannofossils biozones that cover the Upper Campanian-Maastrichtian interval, respectively, the biozones from older to younger: (UC15e/CC22, UC16/CC23a, UC17/CC23b, UC18/CC24, UC19/CC25a, UC20a /CC25b, and UC20b/CC25c) biozones. The paleoecological analysis of calcareous nannofossils in the studied interval depended on a set of statistical indices like the total number of nannofossils, abundance, diversity, fertility, and productivity of the calcareous nannofossils. In addition, some species of calcareous nannofossils are selected to determine cycles of temperature fluctuations in the water surface that ranged between cold and warm. The paleoenvironmental analysis emphasizes the significance of some indicator nannofossil taxa in the reconstruction of the productivity model in the Tethyan Realm, during the Upper Cretaceous times. Keywords Upper Cretaceous . Calcareous nannofossils . Paleoecology . Wadi Qena . Eastern Desert

Introduction The climatic and temperature fluctuations were discussed for the Upper Campanian-Maastrichtian interval in many papers (e.g., Barrera et al. 1997; Friedrich et al. 2009) as well as the global sea level changes (e.g., Li and Keller 1998). The composition changes of calcareous nannofossil assemblages are important tools for the determination of the surface water temperature (Huber and Watkins 1992; Pospichal and Wise Jr 1990; Friedrich et al. 2005; Thibault and Gardin 2006, 2007, This article is part of the Topical Collection on New Advances and Research Results on the Geology of Africa * Ibrahim S. El Agroudy [email protected] 1

Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt

2

Exploration Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, 1 Ahmed El zomer, Nasr City, Cairo 11727, Egypt

2010; Mahanipour and Najafpour 2016; Mandur and El Ashwah 2015; Mandur 2016). The Sudr Formation in Wadi Qena was sedimented in a region belonging to the Tethyan realm during the Upper Campanian-Maastrichtian time. The inaccessibility to Wadi Qena has substantia

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