Use of Imaging to Optimise Prostate Cancer Tumour Volume Assessment for Focal Therapy Planning
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NEW IMAGING TECHNIQUES (S RAIS-BAHRAMI AND K PORTER, SECTION EDITORS)
Use of Imaging to Optimise Prostate Cancer Tumour Volume Assessment for Focal Therapy Planning David Eldred-Evans 1,2
&
Henry Tam 3 & Andrew P. T. Smith 4 & Mathias Winkler 1,2 & Hashim U. Ahmed 1,2
# The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Purpose of Review Rapid advances in imaging of the prostate have facilitated the development of focal therapy and provided a non-invasive method of estimating tumour volume. Focal therapy relies on an accurate estimate of tumour volume for patient selection and treatment planning so that the optimal energy dose can be delivered to the target area(s) of the prostate while minimising toxicity to surrounding structures. This review provides an overview of different imaging modalities which may be used to optimise tumour volume assessment and critically evaluates the published evidence for each modality. Recent Findings Multi-parametric MRI (mp-MRI) has become the standard tool for patient selection and guiding focal therapy treatment. The current evidence suggests that mp-MRI may underestimate tumour volume, although there is a large variability in results. There remain significant methodological challenges associated with pathological processing and accurate co-registration of histopathological data with mp-MRI. Advances in different ultrasound modalities are showing promise but there has been limited research into tumour volume estimation. The role of PSMA PET/CT is still evolving and further investigation is needed to establish if this is a viable technique for prostate tumour volumetric assessment. Summary mp-MRI provides the necessary tumour volume information required for selecting patients and guiding focal therapy treatment. The potential for underestimation of tumour volume should be taken into account and an additional margin applied to ensure adequate treatment coverage. At present, there are no other viable image-based alternatives although advances in new technologies may refine volume estimations in the future. Keywords Prostate cancer . Focal therapy . Magnetic resonance imaging . Multi-parametric MRI
Introduction The aim of focal therapy is to retain equivalent oncological outcomes to whole-gland therapies while reducing the side This article is part of the Topical Collection on New Imaging Techniques * David Eldred-Evans [email protected] 1
Imperial Prostate, Division of Surgery, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
2
Department of Urology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
3
Department of Radiology, Charing Cross, Imperial Healthcare NHS Trust, Fulham Palace Road, London W6 8RF, UK
4
North West London Pathology, Charing Cross Hospital/ Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W2 1NY, UK
effects associated with these treatments. Preservation of normal tissue is fundamental to the approach and this relies on an accurate assessment of tumour volume. An accurate knowledge of tumour
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