Using Red List species in designating protection status to forest areas: a case study on the problem of spatio-temporal
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Using Red List species in designating protection status to forest areas: a case study on the problem of spatio‑temporal dynamics Lise Tingstad1,2,3 · John‑Arvid Grytnes1 · Magne Sætersdal2 · Ivar Gjerde2 Received: 24 February 2020 / Revised: 27 July 2020 / Accepted: 5 August 2020 / Published online: 12 August 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Red-listed species are often used as target species in selection of sites for conservation. However, limitations to their use have been pointed out, and here we address the problem of expected high spatio-temporal dynamics of red-listed species. We used species data (vascular plants, bryophytes, macrolichens and polypore fungi) from two inventories 17 years apart to estimate temporal turnover of red-listed and non-red-listed species in two forest areas (147 and 195 ha) and of plots (0.25 ha) within each area. Furthermore, we investigated how turnover of species affected the rank order of plots regarding richness of red-listed species, using two different national Red List issues (1998 and 2015). In both study areas, temporal turnover was substantial, despite minor changes in the overall number of species. At plot level, temporal turnover in red-listed species was higher than in non-red-listed species, but similar to non-red-listed species of the same frequency of occurrence. Adding the effect of changing identities of species red-listed according to the two Red List issues, further increased the estimated spatio-temporal dynamics. Recorded spatio-temporal turnover also resulted in substantial changes in the rank order of plots regarding richness of red-listed species. Using rare red-listed species for site selection may therefore be accompanied by a higher loss of conservation effectiveness over time than for more common species, and particularly at finer scales. Keywords Red-listed species · Site selection · Spatio-temporal dynamics · Temporal turnover
Communicated by Dirk Sven Schmeller. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s1053 1-020-02031-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Ivar Gjerde [email protected] 1
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgate 54A, 5020 Bergen, Norway
2
Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Thormøhlensgate 55, 5006 Bergen, Norway
3
Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, NINA, Høgskoleringen 9, 7034 Trondheim, Norway
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3430
Biodiversity and Conservation (2020) 29:3429–3443
Introduction One of the main tools for conservation of biological diversity is the selection and establishment of protected areas. The issue of selecting the most effective sites for this purpose has therefore gained much attention during the last decades (Kirkpatrick 1983; Butchart et al. 2015; Asaad et al. 2017). Various strategies and tools for site selection have been developed, both concerning target species data (e.g., Margules and Pressey 2000; Moilanen et al. 2009; Watson et al. 2011;
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