Wavelet-Hadamard based blind image watermarking using genetic algorithm and decision tree
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Wavelet-Hadamard based blind image watermarking using genetic algorithm and decision tree Enas M. F. El Houby 1 & Nisreen I. R. Yassin 1 Received: 21 August 2019 / Revised: 4 July 2020 / Accepted: 13 July 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract
Recently the active use of Internet and multimedia technologies has increased the violation of copyright. Digital watermarking has a crucial role in the field of multimedia copyright protection. In this paper, an optimized image watermarking technique based on Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Hadamard transform is proposed. Genetic Algorithm (GA) is an optimizing technique used to satisfy the tradeoff between robustness and imperceptibility. Blind property is conducted using the estimation capability of Decision Tree (DT). First the host image is transformed using second level DWT, then Hadamard transform is applied on selected DWT sub-bands. Adaptive multiple strength values are computed using GA. The watermark is successfully extracted using the trained DT which estimates the original coefficients needed for the extraction process without the need for the original host image. The proposed technique is evaluated against several types of attacks: compression, median filtering, salt and pepper noise, histogram equalization, blurring, scaling, painting, and cropping. Experimental results show that the proposed watermarking technique is robust against these attacks while keeping good imperceptibility. The proposed technique outperforms the compared techniques according to robustness, imperceptibility, and capacity. Keywords Digital watermarking . Genetic algorithm . Decision tree . Hadamard transform . Discrete wavelet transform
* Nisreen I. R. Yassin [email protected] Enas M. F. El Houby [email protected]
1
Systems & Information Department, Engineering Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12311, Egypt
Multimedia Tools and Applications
1 Introduction Nowadays, multimedia information can be shared, accessed, and manipulated very easily due to the evolution in data communication and networking. Digital images and videos are easily captured and uploaded directly to the internet without any preliminary protection [40]. An emerging problem is unauthorized duplication and dissemination of multimedia materials, and this enforces the need for data protection. Information security schemes are based on two major categories, Cryptography and data hiding. Data hiding is the scientific field that concerned of concealing data in the digital media for secret communication [11, 12]. Digital watermarking is a branch of data hiding that mainly used for copyright protection and content verification [35]. An identification code of digital watermark containing private information of the owners is embedded in the digital multimedia products called host information to be an inalienable part of it. The watermarking procedure is divided into two processes, which are embedding and detection. In the embedding process, waterma
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