Web Technologies
In Chapter 3, we have studied the need for integrating enterprise applications in order to achieve business process automation. The need to integrate, however, is not limited to the systems within a single company. The same advantages that can be derived
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Web Technologies
In Chapter 3, we have studied the need for integrating enterprise applications in order to achieve business process automation. The need to integrate, however, is not limited to the systems within a single company. The same advantages that can be derived from automating a company's business processes can be obtained from automating business processes encompassing several companies. Hence, it should not come as a surprise that there is as much interest in inter-enterprise application integration as there is in intra-enterprise application integration. This chapter serves as a transition between the chapters that precede, which focus on intra-enterprise application integration and on middleware services, and the chapters that follow, which describe Web services for inter-enterprise application integration. The purpose of this chapter is to introduce the basic Web technologies that are used to implement the "Web" portion of Web services. The Web emerged as a technology for sharing information on the Internet. However, it quickly became the medium for connecting remote clients with applications across the Internet, and more recently (with the advent of Web services) a medium for integrating applications across the Internet. Some of the same technologies that enabled information sharing and integration of remote clients also form the basis for inter-enterprise application integration. That is why, in this chapter, we start by examining the core Web technologies (Section 4.1). We then follow that with a discussion of Web technologies for creating remote clients (Section 4.2). The initial set of technologies for moving the client to remote locations emerged as mechanisms for wrapping local information systems. However, as the popularity of using the Web for building client/server systems increased, traditional middleware platforms were forced to provide the ability to "Web-enable" their applications. In Section 4.3, we discuss one such middleware platform-J2EE-based application servers. Finally, in Section 4.4, we initiate a discussion of some of the Web technologies that were aimed at inter-enterprise application integration. These technologies are precursors to Web services, which are the focus of discussion for the rest of this book. G. Alonso et al., Web Services © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2004
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4 Web Technologies
4.1 Exchanging Information over the Internet The Internet is a global system of computer networks. In 1969, the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) connected the computer systems of Stanford Research Institute, UCLA, UC Santa Barbara, and the University of Utah together, across the United States, in a small network called the ARPANET. ARPANET allowed the connection of autonomous computing systems, which gave rise to the first standards organizations for governing this network. These standards groups developed protocols such as Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), which handles the conversion between messages and streams of packets, and the Internet Protocol (IP), which h
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