Weight estimations with time-reversed point-light displays
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Weight estimations with time-reversed point-light displays Claudia Braun 1
&
Sebastian Fischer 1
&
Nils Eckardt 1,2
Accepted: 13 November 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Interpreting other’s actions is a very important ability not only in social life, but also in interactive sports. Previous experiments have demonstrated good estimation performances for the weight of lifted objects through point-light displays. The basis for these performances is commonly assigned to the concept of motor simulation regarding observed actions. In this study, we investigated the weak version of the motor simulation hypothesis which claims that the goal of an observed action strongly influences its understanding (Fogassi, Ferrari, Gesierich, Rozzi, Chersi, & Rizzolatti, 2005). Therefore, we conducted a weight judgement task with point-light displays and showed participants videos of a model lifting and lowering three different weights. The experimental manipulation consisted of a goal change of these actions by showing the videos normal and in a time-reversed order of sequence. The results show a systematic overestimation of weights for time-reversed lowering actions (thus looking like lifting actions) while weight estimations for time-reversed lifting actions did not differ from the original playback direction. The results are discussed in terms of motor simulation and different kinematic profiles of the presented actions. Keywords Point-light display . Weight estimation . Motor simulation hypothesis . Visual analysis hypothesis . Kinematics . Time reversal
Introduction In order to interpret or anticipate what others intend to do, we are able to extrapolate their intentions by “reading” their movements (or their minds) (Sebanz, Bekkering, & Knoblich, 2006). Not only is this a very important ability of social interaction in everyday life, but also a crucial competence for athletes in interactive sports, like table tennis or fencing. To prevail in sport competitions, athletes need to know in advance what their opponents are intending on doing. With this knowledge, they can prepare in a sufficient amount of time for an appropriate (re)action. Therefore, it is not surprising that humans are very sensitive to biological motion.
* Claudia Braun [email protected] Sebastian Fischer [email protected] Nils Eckardt [email protected] 1
Institute of Sports and Sport Science, University of Kassel, Damaschkestraße 25, 34121 Kassel, Germany
2
Institute of Sport Science, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
Neurophysiological studies show that biological motion selectively activates specific areas/domains in the human brain (e.g. areas in the inferior frontal gyrus and the superior temporal sulcus) (Giese & Poggio, 2003). A variety of behavioural studies showed that humans can extract a great amount of information of another person’s actions even though information is limited. For example, we can identify gender (Kozlowski & Cutting, 1977; Pollick, Kay, Heim, & Stringer, 2005) and mood of a walkin
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