Whistleblowing in the World Government Policy, Mass Media and the La
This book deploys an original comparative framework, as well as archival and pattern-matching research methodologies, to analyze whistleblowing cases from Peru, South Korea, Thailand and the United States of America and to ascertain factors that make for
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Carmen R. Apaza • Yongjin Chang Editors
Whistleblowing in the World Government Policy, Mass Media and the Law
Editors Carmen R. Apaza Facultad de Ciencias Administrativas y Recursos Humanos Universidad de San Martín de Porres Lima, Peru
ISBN 978-3-319-48480-8 DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-48481-5
Yongjin Chang Department of Public Management and Policy Analysis Program Graduate School of International Relations International University of Japan Niigata, Japan
ISBN 978-3-319-48481-5 (eBook)
Library of Congress Control Number: 2017930209 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Cover illustration: Détail de la Tour Eiffel © nemesis2207/Fotolia.co.uk Printed on acid-free paper This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
INTRODUCTION
In the search for more integrity and accountability in government, whistleblowing has been playing an important and crucial role. But what elements make the process effective? Apaza and Chang (2011) proposed an original analytical comparative framework to assess effective whistleblowing. The framework identifies five elements of effectiveness in whistleblowing that are relevant in all democracies: type of whistleblowing, coverage by mass media, documentation of evidence, retaliation, and legal protection. Other factors that might influence effectiveness—such as national history, civic organizations, economic levels, degree of democratization, ethnicity, and religion—are not included in the framework because these elements did not influence the whistleblowing cases that are object of the research. By using Apaza and Chang’s framework this inquiry analyzes four cases from different regions of the worl
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