Quantitative Analysis of Trace Metals in Aqueous Solutions by Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Combined with Filter
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Journal of Applied Spectroscopy, Vol. 87, No. 4, September, 2020 (Russian Original Vol. 87, No. 4, July–August, 2020)
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF TRACE METALS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS BY LASER INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPY COMBINED WITH FILTER PAPER ASSISTED ANALYTE ENRICHMENT J. Xiu,* Q. Gao, Sh. Liu, and H. Qin
UDC 543.42.062:546.
The sensitive quantitative analysis of trace heavy metallic elements (Cd, Mn, Cr, and Cu) in aqueous solutions was achieved successfully through the combination of filter paper enrichment with laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. Filter paper was enriched with 0.4 mL aqueous solutions to form a homogeneous sample layer on the surface of the metallic target. Considering the limits of detection, the values deduced with calibration curves already exhibited the high performance of the proposed method at several hundred or 10 μg/L (Cd 0.165, Mn 0.035, Cr 0.012, and Cu 0.078 mg/L), lower than or comparable to those using other similar methods. The LIBS results agreed reasonably well with those from ICP-MS for real samples. All results showed that our method was suitable and accurate for rapid on-site detection of trace metals in aqueous solutions. This indicates that filter paper enrichment combined with laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy is a feasible approach to wastewater quality monitoring. Keywords: heavy metals, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, water quality monitoring. Introduction. Heavy metal pollution of water poses a serious threat to the health of humans. For example, cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and chromium (Cr), which are common heavy metal elements in industrial wastewater from the electroplating and mineral processing industry, can be extremely harmful to the aquatic environment when their concentrations exceed the national standard. Sensitive and quantitative analysis of trace metals in water is vital for environmental monitoring and process control [1], drinking water quality analysis [2], and industrial wastewater detection [3, 4]. Therefore, concentration monitoring and determination of trace metals in water provide an efficient way to identify and mitigate adverse consequences. The laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technology has seen rapid development in recent decades and has been extensively applied for a wide range of scientific and industrial purposes [5–10]. However, the plasma emission in bulk is difficult due to the complex process of ablation in bulk, so the detection sensitivity is relatively low [6, 11]. In order to improve the detection sensitivity of LIBS to liquid samples, a variety of methods have been developed and lower detection limits have been obtained. Among these methods, converting liquid samples into solid ones is available and effective to improve the LIBS sensitivity to liquid samples. The limits of detection (LoDs) of trace metals in liquid samples have been improved effectively by LIBS via solid substrates, such as wood [12], graphite [13], metal electrode [14], bamboo [15], ion exchange membrane [16, 17], ice [18]
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