Quantitative Determination of Trace Lipopeptide Using HPLC through Double Carboxyls Labelling
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Quantitative Determination of Trace Lipopeptide Using HPLC through Double Carboxyls Labelling Shi‑Zhong Yang1,2 · Hong‑Zhi Quan1,2 · Jin‑Feng Liu1,2 · Hong‑Ze Gang1,2 · Bo‑Zhong Mu1,2 Accepted: 19 October 2017 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Lipopeptides have potential applications in many industries. It is challenging to quantitatively determine low concentration of lipopeptide. In this paper a highly sensitive and quantitative method for determination of lipopeptide concentration is described. Fatty acids and surfactin were labelled with naphthalene ethylenediamine (NEDA). LC–MS and HPLC with fluorescence detection analyses shown that the surfactins with 2 free carboxyl groups were wholly labelled by 2 NEDA. Linear relationships were found between molar concentration of fatty acids and peak area of labelled fatty acids. Different fatty acids share the same quantitative regression equation and slope of equation due to the reason that each fatty acid was labelled by 1 NEDA. The relationship between surfactin molar concentration and peak area was obtained based on the concentration of the photoluminescent molecule. This method can detect concentrations as low as 3.1 nmol/L, which is less than the limits of the most sensitive method reported for the surfactins previously. The method can also be used to determine other lipopeptides with carboxyl groups. Keywords Lipopeptide · Surfactin · Naphthalene ethylenediamine · Fluorescence detection · Labelling
Introduction Lipopeptides produced by microbes are highly efficient biosurfactants. They have received much attention due to their strong surface activity, important biological properties (Peypoux et al. 1999) and potential applications in many industrial fields, such as environmental protection (Olivera et al. 2000; Mulligan et al. 2001), enhanced oil recovery (Pereira et al. 2013; Youssef et al. 2013) and medicine (Steenbergen et al. 2005; Kikuchi and Hasumi 2002). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10989-020-10034-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Bo‑Zhong Mu [email protected]; [email protected] 1
State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and Institute of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People’s Republic of China
Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, Shanghai 200237, People’s Republic of China
2
There are many structural homologues. It was reported in the last several decades that there are 26 families of lipopeptides. Out of these 24 are cyclic lipopeptides and remaining two are linear. All lipopeptides consist of more than 90 compounds (Liu et al. 2005; Yang et al. 2011). Surfactin (Arima et al. 1968), which is the representative families of lipopeptide, is produced by different bacterial species, such as Bacillus subtilis (Liu et al. 2007), Brevibacillus brevis (Wang et al. 2010), and Bacillus lichenifo
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