Quantitative phase analysis and microstructural characterization of Portland cement blends with diatomite waste using th
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Quantitative phase analysis and microstructural characterization of Portland cement blends with diatomite waste using the Rietveld method Runqing Liu1,*
, Yuanquan Yang1,3, Xingke Zhao2,*, and Bo Pang1,3
1
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang 110159, China School of Architecture, Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang 110159, China 3 Faculty of Infrastructure Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China 2
Received: 4 August 2020
ABSTRACT
Accepted: 7 October 2020
This paper aims at giving new insights into the impacts of the particle sizes of diatomite waste on the hydration properties of Portland cement from the perspective of quantitative analysis using Rietveld refinements method. XRD identification coupled with Rietveld quantitative phase analysis, as well as isothermal calorimetry and SEM observation, was performed. The results show that the cement hydration during the induction period does not show any significant differences with the decrease in the sizes of the diatomite waste particles; however, hydration during the acceleration period was significantly enhanced. Finer diatomite waste particles (d50 \ 1070.9 nm) result in a significant increase in the amounts of ettringite (AFt) and calcium hydroxide (CH) during acceleration period of the cement. Moreover, diatomite waste incorporation contributes to accelerate the early formation of monosulfate (AFm); however, the formation of the AFm was not favorable as the sizes of the diatomite waste particles decrease. The improvement on the hydration of the Portland cement was largely affected by the particle sizes effects of the diatomite waste at the very early stage, and then by the reactivity of diatomite waste at the later stage.
Published online: 16 October 2020
Ó
Springer Science+Business
Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Introduction Cementitious materials are widely used in construction engineering, and every year a large amount of cement are consumed. In 1880, the consumption of
Portland cement is less than 2 million tons/year [1, 2], and it is estimated that the cement industry emissions of CO2 will reach to 3.5 billion tons per year by 2025 [3]. According to the statistics, 1 ton of Portland cement will consume 1.5 tons of limestone
Handling Editor: M. Grant Norton.
Address correspondence to E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-020-05429-1
J Mater Sci (2021) 56:1242–1254
and a large amount of fossil and electricity, as well as generate 0.55 tons of chemical CO2 and require an additional 0.39 tons of CO2 in fuel emissions for baking and grinding [4]. Large amounts of CO2 emissions from cement production contribute about 7% of the total worldwide CO2 emissions, which causes a series of environmental problems and has raised a serious environmental concern. Some measures being taken include: (i) improvement on the efficiency in the production process to reduce the fuel consumption and (ii) reduction in the rate of the clinker by
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