Quantum secure direct communication with entanglement source and single-photon measurement
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November 2020 Vol. 63 No. 11: 110311 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11433-020-1576-y
Quantum secure direct communication with entanglement source and single-photon measurement Lu Yang1†, JiaWei Wu1†, ZaiSheng Lin3,4,5* , LiuGuo Yin2,3,4* , and GuiLu Long1,2,4,5 1 State
Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; 2 Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing 100084, China; 3 School of Information and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; 4 Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Beijing 100084, China; 5 Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100093, China Received March 28, 2020; accepted May 9, 2020; published online August 25, 2020
Quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) transmits information directly over a quantum channel. In addition to security in transmission, it avoids loopholes of key loss and prevents the eavesdropper from getting ciphertext. In this article, we propose a QSDC protocol using entangled photon pairs. This protocol differs from existing entanglement-based QSDC protocols because it does not perform Bell-state measurement, and one photon of the entangled pair is measured after the entanglement distribution. It has the advantage of high signal-to-noise ratio due to the heralding function of entanglement pairs, and it also has the relative ease in performing single-photon measurement. The protocol can use a practical entanglement source from spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC); Gottesman-Lo-L¨utkenhaus-Preskill theory and the decoy state method give a better estimate of the error rate. Security analysis is completed with Wyner’s wiretap channel theory, and the lower bound of the secrecy capacity is estimated. Numerical simulations were carried out to study the performance of the protocol. These simulations demonstrated that the protocol with a practical SPDC entanglement source performed well and was close to the case with an ideal entanglement source. quantum secure direct communication, quantum secure communication, quantum communication, quantum information PACS number(s): Citation:
03.67.Hk, 03.67.Dd, 03.67.Bg
L. Yang, J. W. Wu, Z. S. Lin, L. G. Yin, and G. L. Long, Quantum secure direct communication with entanglement source and single-photon measurement, Sci. China-Phys. Mech. Astron. 63, 110311 (2020), https://doi.org/10.1007/s11433-020-1576-y
1 Introduction Quantum mechanical principles provide us with novel means of secure communication and security protection [1-13]. As a branch of quantum communication, quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) enables robust and secure communication of information in a noisy and eavesdropping channel [5-7]. There is no key distribution and ciphertext in QSDC; *Corresponding authors (ZaiSheng Lin, email: [email protected]; LiuGuo Yin, email: [email protected]) † These authors contributed equally to this work.
thus, QSDC can avoid key loss and prevent the eavesdropper f
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