Race/Ethnicity, Community of Residence, and DUI Arrest After Beginning Treatment for an Alcohol Use Disorder
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Address correspondence to Jennifer Miles, PhD, Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Institute for Behavioral Health, Brandeis University, 415 South Street MS035, Waltham, MA 02453, USA. . Lee Panas, PhD, Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Institute for Behavioral Health, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA. Grant Ritter, PhD, Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Institute for Behavioral Health, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA. Andrea Acevedo, PhD, Department of Community Health, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA. Michelle Delk, Department of Community Health, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA. Kevin Campbell, DrPH, Research and Data Analysis, Washington State Department of Social and Health Services, PO Box 45204, Olympia, WA, USA.
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Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research, 2019. 1–14. c 2019 National Council for Behavioral Health. DOI 10.1007/s11414-019-09672-6
Race/Ethnicity and Community in Post-Treatment DUI Arrest
MILES ET AL.
Introduction Alcohol-related crimes result in an estimated $73 billion in societal costs in the USA, and nearly half of this is due to intoxicated driving-related vehicle accidents.1 While concern over intoxicated driving due to marijuana use is growing as more states move to legalize recreational use, alcohol remains the most commonly used substance of intoxicated drivers.2 Approximately one third of all motor vehicle fatalities are caused by an alcohol-impaired driver, and this proportion has remained unchanged since 2010.3 Ongoing efforts are necessary to further reduce the impact that alcohol impaired driving has on individuals and communities. Many individuals who are arrested for a driving under the influence (DUI) charge enter the substance use treatment system. Several states require attendance at outpatient treatment to address an underlying alcohol problem after an arrest for a DUI charge. Nearly half of all referrals to outpatient treatment settings come from the criminal justice system, and in 2015, 11% of all criminal justice referrals to substance use services were for a DUI charge.4 Of those who were referred for a DUI charge, nearly one third reported alcohol as their primary substance.4 Therefore, reducing criminal justice involvement (e.g., arrests, convictions, incarceration) is frequently used as a treatment outcome to determine treatment effectiveness. Most research examining DUI as a treatment outcome has focused specifically on populations who have already received a DUI charge. A review of court-mandated treatment interventions for individuals who had a DUI charge found that, overall, treatment is an effective tool for reducing future DUI charges.5 More recently, a systematic review found modest evidence of effectiveness for reducing future DUI arrest for interventions developed specifically for DUI offenders.6 One study that examined a general sample of treatment participants found that treatment was associated with a reduction in rates of motor vehicle accidents and fatalities,7 which could indicate fewer in
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