Radiation exposure of interventional cardiologists during coronary angiography: evaluation by phantom measurement and co
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SCIENTIFIC PAPER
Radiation exposure of interventional cardiologists during coronary angiography: evaluation by phantom measurement and computer simulation Younghoon Roh1 · Sora Nam1 · Bong‑Ki Lee2 · Dong‑Ryeol Ryu2 · Kwangjin Chun2 · Kyu‑Sun Lee3 · Namho Cho3 · Yongsu Yoon4 · Hyemin Park1 · Byung‑Ryul Cho2 · Jung Su Kim5 Received: 8 July 2020 / Accepted: 23 September 2020 © Australasian College of Physical Scientists and Engineers in Medicine 2020
Abstract During interventional cardiological procedures, operators are exposed to patients’ scatter radiation. Therefore, we measured the radiation exposure of the operator’s eyeball, thyroid, and chest wall during angiography. We used the optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter in the anthropomorphic phantom and developed Monte Carlo simulations using the Korean human voxel phantom. At 15 frames/s, the radiation dose of the operator’s right eyeball (RE), left eyeball (LE), thyroid (T), and chest wall (CW) at the femoral artery puncture position (FAPP) with protective equipment (PE) was 0.015, 0.16, 0.012, and 0.014 mGy, respectively. At 7.5 frames/sec, the radiation dose of the operator’s RE, LE, T, and CW at FAPP with PE was 33.33%, 18.75%, 52.94%, and 45.00% lower than that of those at the radial artery puncture position (RAPP), respectively. At 15 frames/s, the radiation dose of the operator’s RE, LE, T, and CW at RAPP without PE was 1.76 times, 2.23 times, 2.76 times, and 2.05 times higher than that of those with PE. Per the simulation results, the absorbed radiation dose of the eye ball, thyroid gland, and myocardium of the heart at FAPP with and without PE under 15 frame/s was 9.68%, 13.04%, 8.33% and 9.98%, 6.00%, 8.82% lower than at RAPP under similar conditions. Effective measures for occupational radiological protection are lower frame rate exposure, increased distance from the X-ray source, and PE use. Radiologist protection in interventional cardiology cannot be handled independently of patient protection, owing to several correlations; thus, reducing the patient dose will reduce the operator dose. Keywords Occupational exposure · Coronary angiography · Interventional cardiologist · Radiation exposure · Scatter radiation
Introduction
Younghoon Roh and Sora Nam have contributed equally to this work
With the discovery of X-rays by Roentgen in 1895, the accuracy and precision in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases have been remarkably improved across several fields, including radiology and interventional cardiology [1]. Coronary
* Byung‑Ryul Cho [email protected]
3
Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
* Jung Su Kim [email protected]
4
Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Health Sciences, Kyushu University, Kyushu, Japan
5
Department of Radiologic Technology, Daegu Health College, 15, Yeongsong‑ro, Buk‑gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
1
Department of Health and Safety Convergence Science, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine,
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