Radiative Equilibrium
The simplest case of thermal radiation is the condition of radiative equilibrium at which the temperature of the medium must be a constant throughout the medium. Under the thermodynamic equilibrium, there is a definite relation between the absorption coef
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SHIH-I PAl RESEARCH PROFESSOR INSTITUTE FOR FLUID DYNAMICS AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND. COLLEGE PARK, MARYLAND, U.S.A.
WITH 76 FIGURES
1966
SPRINGER-VERLAG NEW YORK INC.
ALL RIGHTS INCLUDING TRANSLATION INTO OTHER LANGUAGES RESERVED NO PART OF THIS BOOK MAY BE REPRODUCED IN ANY FORM BY PHOTOSTAT, MICROFILM, OR ANY OTHER MEANS. WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM THE PUBLISHERS
© 1966 BY SPRINGER-VERLAG I WIEN Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover 1st edition 1966
TITLE-NO. 9145
ISBN-13: 978-3-7091-5733-6 e-ISBN-13: 978-3-7091-5730-5 DOl: 10.1007/978-3-7091-5730-5
TO
ALICE, STEPHEN, SUE, ROBERT, LOU
Preface When the temperature of a gas is not too high and the density of a gas is not too low, the transfer of heat by radiation is usually negligibly small in comparison with that by conduction and convection. However, in the hypersonic flow of space flight, particularly in the re-entry of a space vehicle, and in the flow problem involving nuclear reaction such as in the blast wave of nuclear bomb or in the peaceful use of the controlled fusion reaction, the temperature of the gas may be very high and the density of the gas may be very low. As a result, thermal radiation becomes a very important mode of heat transfer. A complete analysis of such high temperature flow fields should be based upon a study of the gasdynamic field and the radiation field simultaneously. Hence during the last few years, considerable efforts have been made to study such interaction problems between gasdynamic field and radiation field and a new title, Radiation Gasdynamics, has been suggested for this subject. Even though radiative transfer has been studied for a long time by astrophysicists, the interaction between the radiation field and the gadsynamic field has been only extensively studied recently. Since the knowledge of gasdynamics and those of radiative transfer are reported usually in unrelated sources, it is desirable to write a book which would furnish the readers some basic elements of both radative transfer and gasdynamics and their interactions which would be very useful to scientists and engineers who are interested in the high temperature flow problems, and who are not familiar with both subjects. It is the author's hope that this book will furnish the readers the basic elements of this new subject so that it is useful for further study and research in this new field. After the introduction of radiation gasdynamics, the author reviews the fundamentals of radiative transfer in chapters n to IV and the gasdynamics in chapters V and VI with special emphasics on the coupling terms between the radiation terms and the gasdynamics. In chapter VII, the important parameters of radiation gasdynamics are discussed. In chapters VIn and IX, the flow problems of radiation gasdynamics based on the continuum point of view are discussed with particular emphasis on the wave motion, shock waves and heat transfer. In chapter X the kinetic theory of radiating gas will be discussed. Because the photon gas moves with a speed of
