Radio Recombination Lines Their Physics and Astronomical Application

Radio Recombination Lines is a comprehensive guide to the physics and observations of Radio Recombination Lines from astronomical sources. It includes the history of RRL detections, the astrophysics underlying their intensities and line shapes including t

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Astrophysics and Space Science Library EDITORIAL BOARD Chairman W. B. BURTON, National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, Virginia, U.S.A. ([email protected]) and University of Leiden, The Netherlands ([email protected]) F. BERTOLA, University of Padua, Italy J. P. CASSINELLI, University of Wisconsin, Madison, U.S.A. C. J. CESARSKY, European Southern Observatory, Garching bei M¨unchen, Germany P. EHRENFREUND, Leiden University, The Netherlands O. ENGVOLD, University of Oslo, Norway A. HECK, Strasbourg Astronomical Observatory, France E. P. J. VAN DEN HEUVEL, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands V. M. KASPI, McGill University, Montreal, Canada J. M. E. KUIJPERS, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands H. VAN DER LAAN, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands P. G. MURDIN, Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge, UK F. PACINI, Istituto Astronomia Arcetri, Firenze, Italy V. RADHAKRISHNAN, Raman Research Institute, Bangalore, India B. V. SOMOV, Astronomical Institute, Moscow State University, Russia R. A. SUNYAEV, Space Research Institute, Moscow, Russia

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Radio Recombination Lines Their Physics and Astronomical Applications by

M.A. Gordon and

R.L. Sorochenko

ABC

M.A. Gordon National Radio Astronomy Observatory Tucson NRAO 949 North Cherry Avenue Tucson AZ 85721-0655 USA [email protected]

ISSN: 0067-0057 ISBN: 978-0-387-09604-9 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-09691-9

R.L. Sorochenko Russian Academy of Sciences P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute Laninsky Prospect 53 Moskva Russia 119991

e-ISBN: 978-0-387-09691-9

Library of Congress Control Number: 2008 931183 c Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2009  All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper springer.com

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Preface

Recombination lines at radio wavelengths have been – and still are – a powerful tool for modern astronomy. For more than 30 years, they have allowed astronomers to probe the gases from which stars form. They have even been detected in the Sun. In addition, observations of these spectral lines facilitate basic research into the atom, in forms and environments that can only exist in the huge dimensions

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