Radiofrequency Ablation by a 21-Gauge Internally Cooled Electrode: Ex Vivo and In Vivo Evaluation by Rat Liver
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LABORATORY INVESTIGATION
NON-VASCULAR INTERVENTIONS
Radiofrequency Ablation by a 21-Gauge Internally Cooled Electrode: Ex Vivo and In Vivo Evaluation by Rat Liver Haruyuki Takaki1 • Yuki Kodama2 • Hisao Miyamoto2 • Yuto Iijima2 • Yoshinari Kikuchi2 • Hiroshi Kodama1 • Eisuke Ueshima3 • Keiji Nakasho4 Reona Wada5 • Koichiro Yamakado1
•
Received: 8 May 2020 / Accepted: 18 September 2020 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature and the Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiological Society of Europe (CIRSE) 2020
Abstract Purpose To evaluate the coagulative performance of a 21-gauge (G) internally cooled radiofrequency (RF) electrode using ex vivo and in vivo rat liver. Materials and Methods We developed a prototype of 21-G internally cooled monopolar RF electrode with 5.0 mm active tip length. The ablative zone size created by this electrode was evaluated in ex vivo and in vivo rat liver. Five RF powers (3 W, 5 W, 7 W, 9 W, and 11 W) were applied with and without circulation of chilled water within the electrode. The ablation zone sizes were compared. Histopathological evaluation of the ablation zone was also performed at 24 h and at 7 days after RF ablation. Results From ex vivo experiments, the ablation volume was found to increase significantly when RF energy was applied with the chilled water circulation. Results of in vivo experiments demonstrate that the ablation volume reached its maximum value when RF power of 7 W was applied (532.3 ± 110.3 mm3). Histopathological examination showed & Haruyuki Takaki [email protected] 1
Department of Radiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya-shi, Hyogo, Japan
2
Japan Lifeline Co., Ltd, 2-2-20 Higashishinagawa, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
3
Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo, Japan
4
Department of Pathology, Suita Tokushukai Hospital, 21-1, Senriokanishi, Suitashi, Osaka, Japan
5
Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
delineated coagulation necrosis at 24 h after RF ablation, which clarified the ablation zone border. Fibrotic change was also observed at 7 days after RF ablation. Conclusion RF ablation using a 21-gauge electrode produced coagulation necrosis in the rat liver. The ablation volume became maximum when RF power of 7 W was applied with chilled water circulation. Keywords Animal study Liver Radiofrequency ablation
Introduction Radiofrequency (RF) ablation has been applied increasingly to treat solid tumors in various organs [1, 2]. A salient benefit of RF ablation is its minimal invasiveness [1, 2]. Nevertheless, potential shortcomings include complications related to the electrode puncture, such as hemorrhage and pneumothorax. Most commercially available RF electrodes are 15–18-gauge (G) (1.81–1.25 mm). The incidence of complications related to needle puncture could be reduced if a thinner RF electrode were avai
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