Rain and snow event cooling effect: a comparison on outdoor and indoor thermal comfort in Ardabil, northwest of Iran
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Rain and snow event cooling effect: a comparison on outdoor and indoor thermal comfort in Ardabil, northwest of Iran Gholamreza Roshan 1 & Masoumeh Moghbel 2 Received: 20 May 2020 / Accepted: 17 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Human thermal comfort is influenced by different climatic parameters. The effect of rain and snow events on human thermal comfort has been less explored in the available literature. The work presented here investigates outdoor and indoor thermal comfort using the physiological equivalent temperature (pet) and wind chill temperature (WCT) indices and Givoni bioclimatic chart for rainy and snowy days as well as a day prior to and a day post snow and rain events in Ardabil. Results indicated that snow and rain events have cooling effects on both indoor and outdoor thermal sensation. The cooling effect of rainy and snowy days is higher than a day prior to and a day post events. Also, the cooling effect of the snow and rain increases by the intensity of the events (> 10 mm/day). Based on the PET and WCT outputs, the cooling effect of the snow events with intensity higher than 10 mm a day is about 1.77 and 0.80 °C less than events under 10-mm a day intensity. The same pattern was observed for rain events. Analysis of the cooling effect of event duration on outdoor thermal comfort indicated that the events with more than 2-day duration have more cooling effect on thermal sensation. Finally, due to different cooling effects of snow and rain events on indoor thermal sensation, different types of bioclimatic strategies should be used inside the buildings during snowy and rainy days in Ardabil. Keywords Bioclimatic comfort . Cooling effect . Bioclimatic design . Thermal stresses . Snow and rain events
1 Introduction During the early decades of the twentieth century, the impact of stressful thermal conditions was studied in the workplace (Fabbri 2015). Studies conducted by Fanger and other researchers represented importance of the field (Fanger 1970). From climatological points of view, the harsh climatic conditions restrict peoples’ activities. Extreme cold and hot conditions cause the uncomfortable feeling and increasing energy demand. Climatic parameters that define human comfort in indoor and outdoor settings are important in applied climatology and therefore gained more interests during the last decade (Mujan et al. 2019). In this regard, numerous studies have been conducted to study the thermal comfort
* Gholamreza Roshan [email protected] 1
Department of Geography, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran
2
Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
in indoor environment and its impact on people’s health using empirical indices and climatic parameters. According to Liu et al. (2008), people felt uncomfortably cool or cold under a lower environmental temperature. In another study, Djongyang et al. (2010) have analyzed two classical indicators including the predicted mean v
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