Rainfall-Induced Slope Failures and Use of Bamboo as a Remedial Measure: A Review
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STATE OF THE ART/PRACTICE PAPER
Rainfall-Induced Slope Failures and Use of Bamboo as a Remedial Measure: A Review J. S. Gidon1
•
S. Sahoo1
Received: 1 July 2019 / Accepted: 6 January 2020 Ó Indian Geotechnical Society 2020
Abstract Problems due to slope instability during rainfall season can cause major landslides occurrences. Different rainfall intensities and duration affect the slope in different manners. To counter this problem, numerous studies have been carried and many innovative techniques have come up on how to stabilize the soil so as to ensure stability. The different techniques involve chemical stabilization, retaining walls, vegetation, different methods of reinforcements, etc. Most of these methods are proving to be fatal to the environment; hence, sustainable methods of reinforcements are the latest area of interests. Bamboo has been widely used as a reinforcement material for soil stabilization. This paper presents the current state of art on the application of bamboos in the stabilization of landslide caused due to rainfall. Bamboo can be used in many forms and has proven to be effective in almost all its forms. Various ways that a bamboo can be used as reinforcements are studied in detail. Keywords Bamboo Landslides Rainfall Reinforcements Stabilization
& J. S. Gidon [email protected] S. Sahoo [email protected] 1
NIT Meghalaya, Laitumkhrah, Bijni Complex, Shillong, Meghalaya 793003, India
Introduction Landslides occurrences are one of the major problems faced by many countries in the world. There are many factors contributing to the cause of landslides. They occur due to natural factors like rainfall, earthquake, volcanoes, etc., or human activities like deforestation, land encroachment, construction work, farming, poor drainage, etc. In addition, other factors like steep slopes, fragmented rocks can form a slope geometry favoring landslides. This paper mainly focused on rainfall as a main contributing factor to landslides [1–5]. Heavy rainfall on an unsaturated soil triggers an occurrence of landslides due to the increase in pore water pressure. The stability of the soil is directly affected by the change in the matrix suction of the unsaturated soil. When rainwater seeps, the wetting front of the unsaturated soil is increased, leading to the decrease in matrix suction and a consequent reduction in the soil shear strength [6, 7]. The intensity of rainfall has an immense effect on the critical slip surface of a slope. To tackle this problem, many techniques are developed over the years. These techniques can be categorized into chemical stabilization [8–11] and mechanical stabilization. The materials used for this purpose vary widely from RCC, stones, geotextiles, geomembranes, etc. These materials are in the form of RCC walls, gabion walls, crib walls, soil nails, retaining walls, micropiles, stone columns, etc. However, the use of these materials can bring about environmental issues like air, land and water pollution, emission of carbon dioxide causing global war
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