Raman Analysis of Carbon Nanotube Bundles for Bio-electronic Applications
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Raman Analysis of Carbon Nanotube Bundles for Bio-electronic Applications Shin. G. Choua, Mildred. S. Dresselhausa, b, Elen Humphreysa, Sung Yoon Chungd, John VanderSanded, Yet Ming Chiangd, A. K. Swane, M. S. Ünlüe, B. B. Goldberge, f a Department of Chemistry, MIT, Cambridge, MA b Department of Physics, MIT, Cambridge, MA c Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA d Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA e Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA f Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA Abstract: Three different types of carbon nanotubes being considered for bio-recognition experiments were studied using resonance Raman spectroscopy. Raman spectroscopy, taken using several laser excitation energies, has been shown to provide an effective characterization tool for these carbon nanotubes. The technique yields structural information that both complements and corroborates structural information obtained using electron microscopy techniques, such as TEM, SEM, and AFM. Introduction: Carbon nanotubes have been one of the most promising materials for assembling nanoelectronic devices because of their unique electronic properties arising from the one dimensional quantum confinement phenomena. On the other hand, separating nanotubes of different geometric structures that grow from the intrinsically heterogeneous tube growth process has been a long-standing problem that inhibits nanotube electronics from becoming commercialized. Recently, phage display has been shown to be a useful technique to study the selective binding of viral molecules to electronic materials1. The selective binding activity of specific polypeptide sequences in viral molecules can potentially be exploited and utilized as a valuable tool to solve the nanotube separation problem. To effectively correlate the binding activities to the structures of nanotubes, quick and accurate characterization methods will be needed to determine the structures of the nanotubes. Although one can obtain detailed structures of the nanotubes using microscopy methods, such as TEM and STM, most of the microscopic structural determination methods of carbon nanotubes are challenging experimental endeavors that require skills and proficiency in microscopy techniques at a high level that few people can master. Alternatively, while not being able to provide information on detailed local structures for most materials, resonance Raman spectroscopy has been proven to be a powerful tool that determines the structure of isolated single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) for nanotubes with diameters smaller than 2nm, quickly, and accurately at room temperature. In the present study, resonance Raman spectroscopy taken at different laser energies is used to quantitatively probe the structure of the different types of carbon nanotubes that are being considered for the selective phage binding experiments. With phage display and selective binding in mind, we initially ch
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