Range Free Localization for Three Dimensional Wireless Sensor Networks Using Multi Objective Particle Swarm Optimization
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Range Free Localization for Three Dimensional Wireless Sensor Networks Using Multi Objective Particle Swarm Optimization Vivek Kanwar1 · Ashok Kumar1 Accepted: 29 October 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Accurate and fast localization of randomly deployed sensor nodes is needed for many applications in wireless sensor networks. Localization also benefits in recognizing the geographically area where an event took place. There is no meaning of any event information without the knowledge of its location coordinates. DV-Hop is one of the main range free localization technique, which estimates the position of nodes using distance vector. Particle swarm optimization is suitable for the localization issues because of its fast computing speed and high precision. To further reduce the positioning error, the traditional DV-Hop localization algorithm based on single objective optimization algorithm is converted into a multi objective optimization algorithm. In our proposed scheme, we have considered six different single objective functions and three different multi objective functions. In this paper, a multi objective particle swarm optimization based DV-Hop localization is proposed in 3-dimensional wireless sensor networks. The proposed functions has been evaluated on the basis of computation time, average localization error and localization error variance. The simulation results show that our proposed multi objective function performs better as compared to traditional single objective function. Keywords Wireless sensor network · Localization · Range free · 3D DV-Hop · Multi objectives · PSO algorithm
1 Introduction Wireless sensor network contain many low cost and low powered sensor nodes. These sensor nodes have been used in many applications such as health surveillance, military, environmental monitoring, traffic management, national security applications etc [9]. Localization of sensor nodes is one of the important issue in wireless sensor networks because the location information is useful for coverage, object tracking and deployment of sensor nodes [15]. These sensor nodes detect the event location and forward this message to the * Vivek Kanwar [email protected] 1
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Hamirpur, India
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base station [4]. Global positioning system (GPS) is one of the most popular positioning technology but high cost and energy consuming makes it difficult to implement for every node [2]. Therefore, few GPS nodes are used with target node in order to reduce the energy consumption [16]. These anchor nodes know their original position and are used to find the location of unknown nodes [10]. The localization techniques are further divided as range based and range free [3]. Range based localization technique estimate distance between two sensor nodes using range measurements [17] . It is noted that the range based techniques needs extra hardware for
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