Rapid decline of Zika virus NS1 antigen-specific antibody responses, northeastern Brazil
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SHORT REPORT
Rapid decline of Zika virus NS1 antigen‑specific antibody responses, northeastern Brazil Andres Moreira‑Soto1 · Gilmara de Souza Sampaio2 · Célia Pedroso2 · Ignacio Postigo‑Hidalgo1 · Beatrice Sarah Berneck3 · Sebastian Ulbert3 · Carlos Brites2 · Eduardo Martins Netto2,4 · Jan Felix Drexler1,5,6,7 Received: 3 March 2020 / Accepted: 22 May 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Zika virus (ZIKV) is a positive-stranded RNA virus within the Flaviviridae family. After decades of circulation in Asia, ZIKV was introduced to Brazil in 2014–2015, associated with a rise in congenital malformations. Unlike the genetically related dengue virus (DENV), ZIKV constitutes only one serotype. Although assumed that ZIKV infection may engender lifelong immunity, the long-term kinetics of ZIKV antibody responses are unclear. We assessed long-term kinetics of ZIKV NS1-IgG response in 144 individuals from 3 different subpopulations: HIV patients, tuberculosis patients and healthy individuals first tested in 2016 and retested 1.5–2 years after the 2015–2016 ZIKV epidemic in Salvador de Bahia, Brazil, using a widely distributed NS1-based commercial ELISA. The seropositivity in 2016 reached 59.0% (85/144, 95% confidence interval (CI) 50.7–66.7%), and decreased to 38.6% (56/144, CI 31.3–47.0%) 1.5–2 years later. In addition, the median ZIKV NS1-ELISA reactivity for individuals that remained positive in both timepoints significantly decreased from a ratio of 4.4 (95% CI 3.8–5.0) to 1.6 (95% CI 1.6–1.9) over the 2-year interval (Z: − 6.1; p
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