Rare earth elements (REE) in biology and medicine
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THE PERIODIC SYSTEM
Rare earth elements (REE) in biology and medicine P. Ascenzi1 · M. Bettinelli2 · A. Boffi3 · M. Botta4 · G. De Simone1 · C. Luchinat5 · E. Marengo4 · H. Mei6 · S. Aime7 Received: 12 May 2020 / Accepted: 3 July 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract This survey reports on topics that were presented at the workshop on “Challenges with Rare Earth Elements. The Periodic Table at work for new Science & Technology” hold at the Academia dei Lincei in November 2019. The herein reported materials refer to presentations dealing with studies and applications of rare earth elements (REE) in several areas of Biology and Medicine. All together they show the tremendous impact REE have in relevant fields of living systems and highlight, on one hand, the still existing knowledge gap for an in-depth understanding of their function in natural systems as well as the very important role they already have in providing innovative scientific and technological solutions in a number of biomedical areas and in fields related to the assessment of the origin of food and on their manufacturing processes. On the basis of the to-date achievements one expects that new initiatives will bring, in a not too far future, to a dramatic increase of our understanding of the REE involvement in living organisms as well as a ramp-up in the exploitation of the peculiar properties of REE for the design of novel applications in diagnostic procedures and in the set-up of powerful medical devices. This scenario calls the governmental authorities for new responsibilities to guarantee a continuous availability of REE to industry and research labs together with providing support to activities devoted to their recovery/recycling. Keywords REE · Lanthanides · Biomedical applications · Lanthanide-based assays
1 Introduction This peer-reviewed paper belongs to the Topical Collection “The Periodic System”. It is based on the presentations given at the International Conference organized by Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei and Fondazione “Guido Donegani”: “Challenges with Rare Earth Elements. The Periodic Table at work for new Science & Technology” held at the Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei in Rome, 14–15 November 2019 (coordinated by Silvio Aime and Roberta Sessoli). * S. Aime [email protected] 1
Dipartimento di Scienze, Università Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
2
Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Verona, Italy
3
Dipartimento di Biochimica, Università “Sapienza” Roma, Rome, Italy
4
Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
5
Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Firenze, Florence, Italy
6
Deutsches Reuma-Forschungszentrum, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
7
Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Molecolari e Scienze per la Salute, Università di Torino, Turin, Italy
The group of REE consists of 17 representatives including Lanthanum, the Lanthanoids, Scandium and Yttrium. Another common name for the elements from La to Lu (Z = 57–71) is Lanthanides (Ln). Most of them a
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