Reactive Template-Induced Self-Assembly to Ordered Mesoporous Polymer and Carbon
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Reactive Template-Induced Self-Assembly to Ordered Mesoporous Polymer and Carbon Yeru Liang, Ruowen Fu and Dingcai Wu* Materials Science Institute, PCFM Lab and DSAPM Lab, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China ABSTRACT As an important method for preparing ordered mesoporous polymer and carbon, organic template directed self-assembly is facing challenges because of the weak non-covalent interactions between the organic templates and the building blocks. Herein we developed a novel synthetic procedure based on a reactive template-induced self-assembly to construct ordered mesoporous framework. The aldehyde end-group of reactive template can react with the building blocks (i.e., resol) to form a stable covalent bond during the self-assembly process. This leads to an enhanced interaction between resol and template and thus achieves the formation of ordered mesostructure. INTRODUCTION Construction of well-defined porous materials has always been one of the most active areas in materials science, not only for its fundamental scientific interest, but also for many modern-day technological applications.1 Significant progress has been attained in structural, compositional, and topological control in both inorganic and organic nanoporous structured materials. In recent years, there has been a growing focus on the synthesis and examination of porous materials with ordered mesopore array due to their unique characteristics including highly periodic pore arrangement, uniform mesopore size, and high surface area.2, 3 These features are of great interest for a broad spectrum of applications, including energy storage, absorption, separation, drug delivery and catalysis.4-7 In general, organic template directed self-assembly is one of the most promising approaches toward synthesis of ordered mesoporous polymeric and carbonaceous materials.8-10 Those organic compounds like amphiphilic surfactants and block copolymers, which can selforganize into a diversity of supermolecular structures, are generally used as pore templates. Cooperative self-assembly can drive building blocks around the supermolecular structures to form well-defined organic-organic mesophase. Direct removal of the organic templates by calcination or extraction with solvents leads to mesoporous framework. This organic template pathway has offered a powerful route to fabrication of ordered mesoporous polymer (OMP) and carbon materials with various mesostructures, suitable shapes, and designed functionalities. Despite these developments, however, challenges still remain, considering that in most cases, these ordered mesoporous products are not easily obtained by using the common organic template synthetic techniques. The main reason could be ascribed to the fact that organic templates usually interact with the building blocks through non-covalent interactions such as hydrogen bonding, van der Waals forces, and electrostatic interaction, which could be too weak to act as a driving force for formation of ordered
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