Real-time manufacturing modeling and simulation framework using augmented reality and stochastic network analysis
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Real‑time manufacturing modeling and simulation framework using augmented reality and stochastic network analysis Hyunsoo Lee1 Received: 3 April 2017 / Accepted: 5 April 2018 © Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2018
Abstract While the development of augmented reality (AR) technologies has made it possible to assign real-time features to many systems and applications, these trends are rare in manufacturing modeling and simulation. This research study proposes a real-time manufacturing layout modeler and material flow simulator. The manufacturing devices of interest are positioned using AR labels, and the generated layout is converted into a stochastic Petri net model, where the validity of material flow and other criteria are checked. In order to overcome the limitations of the Petri net model and enhance analytical functionalities, stochastic network analyses are embedded into the framework. The layout model with greater uncertainty is analyzed, and manufacturing performance indicators such as cycle time, throughput, and work-in process are estimated. The proposed framework is not simply an integration of AR techniques and manufacturing simulations, but provides an efficient AR labeling architecture for large-scale manufacturing environments, and is suitable for a fast, real-time rendering. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed framework, real-time modeling and simulation examples were used as case studies. The results showed that the proposed system contributes to more accurate layout design and simulation analysis by using the embedded AR techniques and queuing network methods. Keywords Virtual manufacturing · Augmented reality · Stochastic network · Petri net · Manufacturing layout design · Manufacturing simulation
1 Introduction Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) technologies have been applied extensively in various fields such as gaming, information-based guiding systems, manufacturing systems, commerce, and other service platforms. This research study focuses on their manufacturing design and simulation. Manufacturing was among the first areas where VR technologies were applied. These research trends (Banerjee and Zetu 2001) were called “Virtual manufacturing.” The initial VR applications were the software employed to design manufacturing devices by using computer-aided design (CAD) models. Several components of manufacturing equipment were parameterized, and a new device was modeled by controlling them in a virtual environment. The subsequent emergence of immersive devices accelerated * Hyunsoo Lee [email protected] 1
School of Industrial Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 730‑701, South Korea
the development of computer-aided virtual environments (CAVEs) for manufacturing. For instance, virtual assembly can be experienced indirectly using VR glasses and haptic gloves in a VR space. The primary applications of VR in manufacturing relate to modeling, operations, experiments, and testing. Even though VR technologies a
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