Real-time pressure disturbance monitoring system in the Yellow Sea: pilot test during the period of March to April 2018

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Real‑time pressure disturbance monitoring system in the Yellow Sea: pilot test during the period of March to April 2018 Myung‑Seok Kim1   · Hyunmin Eom2 · Sung Hyup You2 · Seung‑Buhm Woo1 Received: 3 February 2020 / Accepted: 21 August 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020

Abstract Until now, the meteotsunamis reported in the Yellow Sea have been caused by sudden pressure disturbances; however, no suitable monitoring system has been established for these disturbances. With the maximum available pressure data based on 89 automatic weather stations (AWS), a real-time pressure disturbance monitoring system was developed for meteotsunami disaster prevention. When a pressure disturbance calculated from a rate of pressure change exceeds 1.2 hPa/10 min at a certain AWS, the monitoring system detects the occurrence of a pressure jump that can generate meteotsunamis in the Yellow Sea. The real-time monitoring system is operated by sending a short message service to hazard areas where destructive meteotsunamis are expected to occur by monitoring the intensity of the pressure disturbance and its propagation direction. During the pilot test from March to April 2018, the monitoring system detected four pressure jump events in total, two of which caused meteotsunamis. On the two meteotsunami event dates, the monitored pressure disturbances exceeded the intensity criteria for a common pressure jump and showed similar propagation patterns with the meteotsunamis. In particular, both meteotsunami events occurred only when the pressure jump, spatially characterized as a linear or bow type, propagated at least 12 m/s. Despite the limited number of events during the pilot test, this study provides an example of a meteotsunami-monitoring system and implications for additional pressure jump conditions favorable to meteotsunami occurrence. Keyword  Meteotsunami · Pressure disturbance · Pressure jump · Real-time monitoring system · Yellow sea Abbreviations AWS Automatic weather stations AWS #1 AWS in caution zone AWS #2 AWS in warning zone KST Korea standard time (UTC + 09:00) * Seung‑Buhm Woo [email protected] 1

Department of Ocean Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea

2

Marine Meteorology Division, Korea Meteorological Administration, Seoul 07062, Republic of Korea



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Natural Hazards

SMS #1 Preliminary caution SMS SMS #2 Propagation warning SMS TG Tide gauges

1 Introduction Unexpected meteotsunamis in the Yellow Sea cause coastal hazards (Choi et al. 2008). On March 31 in 2007, tsunami-like waves with the largest wave height of 2.5 m were observed at dawn (Kim et  al. 2017). Four people died, and it created approximately 2 million US dollars in damage, which consisted of 158 flooded houses, 150 damaged ships, 20 flooded vehicles, 45,000 ­m2 of fish farm loss, and flooding at nuclear power plants (Eom et  al. 2012). On Sunday noon, May 4, 2008, 24 fishermen near the coast were washed away by abnormal waves (Choi and Lee 2009) that left nine dead and 15 injured. Although not quantitat