Recent advances and mechanistic insights on the production of biomass-derived 2,5-bis(alkoxymethyl)furans
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REVIEW ARTICLE
Recent advances and mechanistic insights on the production of biomass-derived 2,5-bis(alkoxymethyl)furans Lei Hu 1 & Yetao Jiang 1 & Xiaoyu Wang 1 & Aiyong He 1 & Jiaxing Xu 1 & Zhen Wu 1 Received: 12 August 2020 / Revised: 26 September 2020 / Accepted: 2 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Transforming biomass resources into high-quality liquid fuels is a very crucial, effective, and feasible approach in biorefinery processes. Among various biomass-derived liquid fuels, 2,5-bis(alkoxymethyl)furans (BAMFs), which can be produced from 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan (BHMF), 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), or fructose, are particularly attractive and widely considered to be a new type of biodiesel candidates or diesel additives due to their excellent physicochemical properties, such as high energy density, high cetane number, high boiling point, and strong stability, so they have received wide attention in recent years. At present, the relevant studies on the production of BAMFs are rapidly implementing, many progressive techniques are constantly developed and satisfactory results are increasingly obtained. However, up to now, a special, systematic and intensive review is still lacking in this research area. To better understand the current research situation, this review comprehensively summarizes and discusses different production methods and corresponding achievements of BAMFs, and emphatically analyzes the main functions and cooperative actions of active sites of catalysts in dehydration, reduction, and etherification reactions as well as the merits and demerits of exogenous and endogenous hydrogen systems. Moreover, this review also proposes several valuable and available ideas and viewpoints for the future studies of BAMFs. In a word, the main objective of this review is to draw more concerns about BAMFs and provide some theoretical references and technical supports for the high-efficiency, green, and economical production of BAMFs. Keywords Biofuels . 2,5-Bis(alkoxymethyl)furans . Production methods . Catalytic sites . Reaction mechanisms
1 Introduction In recent years, with the rapid development of global economy, some accompanying issues, such as the contradiction between supply and demand of fossil resources, the emission of greenhouse gasses, and the pollution of ecological environments, have been increasingly rigorous [1–5]. Under these circumstances, the carbon-containing biomass resources, which are renewable, abundant, diverse, cheap, and pervasive, attract more and more interest and attention of academic, Lei Hu and Yetao Jiang contributed equally to this work. * Lei Hu [email protected] * Zhen Wu [email protected] 1
Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China
industrial, and governmental communities all over the world [6–10]. To make full use of biomass resources, biorefinery, which is initially presented by Bungay [11]
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