Recent advances in biocatalytic derivatization of l -tyrosine
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MINI-REVIEW
Recent advances in biocatalytic derivatization of L-tyrosine Xu Tan 1,2 & Wei Song 1,2 & Xiulai Chen 2,3 & Liming Liu 2,3 & Jing Wu 1 Received: 18 August 2020 / Revised: 29 September 2020 / Accepted: 5 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract L-Tyrosine is an aromatic, polar, non-essential amino acid that contains a highly reactive α-amino, α-carboxyl, and phenolic hydroxyl group. Derivatization of these functional groups can produce chemicals, such as L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, tyramine, 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid, and benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, which are widely employed in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetics industries. In this review, we summarize typical L-tyrosine derivatizations catalyzed by enzymatic biocatalysts, as well as the strategies and challenges associated with their production processes. Finally, we discuss future perspectives pertaining to the enzymatic production of L-tyrosine derivatives. Key points • Summary of recent advances in enzyme-catalyzed L-tyrosine derivatization. • Highlights of relevant strategies involved in L-tyrosine derivatives biosynthesis. • Future perspectives on industrial applications of L-tyrosine derivatization. Keywords L-Tyrosine . Enzyme catalysis . Derivatization . Group modification
Introduction L-Tyrosine is a valuable compound widely used in the food, health care, and cosmetics industries (Dennig et al. 2015; Li et al. 2020). As an aromatic polar amino acid, L-tyrosine contains a highly reactive α-amino group, α-carboxyl group, and phenolic hydroxyl group Their derivatization generates a variety of high-value chemicals, such as unsaturated aromatic compounds, α-hydroxy acids, and aromatic alcohols, which are commonly applied in the feed, pharmaceutical, and fine chemical industries (Chen et al. 2019; Lukito et al. 2019; Rodriguez et al. 2017). Two main strategies have been developed for L-tyrosine derivatization: chemical synthesis and biosynthesis (Luetke et al. 2007; Sarlaslani 2007). Heterocyclic compounds can
* Jing Wu [email protected] 1
School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
2
State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
3
Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
be obtained directly from L-tyrosine via oxidation and hydrolysis reactions using chemical catalysts (Cox et al. 2019; Glachet et al. 2019); however, these processes commonly require extreme reaction conditions such as high temperatures, multi-step procedures, and high-cost precursors, resulting in various toxic intermediates and limited economic benefit (Mujumdar et al. 2019; Wen et al. 2016). Biosynthetic strategies, including microbial fermentation and enzymatic catalysis, offer an alternative approach. Although microbial fermentation usually exhibits good enantioselectivity, the separation and purification processes are complex owing to the inclusion of oth
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