Recent Advances in Nutritional Care of Patients with Intestinal Failure
Intestinal failure (IF) refers to all states where the intestine has inadequate absorptive capacity to meet nutritional, fluid, and electrolyte needs to sustain life and growth requirements of a child. IF leads to chronic dependence on parenteral nutritio
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Current Concepts of Intestinal Failure
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Current Concepts of Intestinal Failure
Risto J. Rintala • Mikko Pakarinen Tomas Wester Editors
Current Concepts of Intestinal Failure
Editors Risto J. Rintala Children's Hospital Helsinki University Central Hospital HUS Helsinki Finland
Tomas Wester Department of Pediatric Surgery Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
Mikko Pakarinen Children's Hospital Helsinki University Central Hospital HUS Helsinki Finland
ISBN 978-3-319-42549-8 ISBN 978-3-319-42551-1 DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-42551-1
(eBook)
Library of Congress Control Number: 2016955700 © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland
Preface
Intestinal failure in children carries a significant morbidity and mortality as well as social and economical burden. Intestinal failure can be defined as the reduction of gut function below the minimum necessary for the absorption of nutrients, such that intravenous supplementation is required to maintain health and growth. Intestinal failure in children is usually caused by three major conditions: short bowel, intestinal dysmotility, or extensive small bowel mucosal disease. The prevalence of intestinal failure remains unclear because the definitions used in different populations are variable. The estimated prevalences range between 2 and 13 per million children. In children the intestinal length is related to the age of the child; therefore, a definition of a short bowel in absolute terms cannot be devised. The need for intravenous supplementation of nutrients and a residual small bowel length of less than 25 % expected for gestational age are suggested definitions of a short bowel in children. The main causes of short bowel in children are gastroschisis, midgut volvulus, bowel atresias, and necrotizing entero
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