Recent Advances in Spectroscopy Theoretical, Astrophysical and Expe

In recent years there have been great advances in the fields of laboratory and astronomical spectroscopy. These have been equally matched by large-scale computations using state-of-the-art theoretical methods. The accurate atomic opacities that are a

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Recent Advances in Spectroscopy Theoretical, Astrophysical and Experimental Perspectives Editors

R.K. Chaudhuri M.V. Mekkaden A.V. Raveendran A. Satya Narayanan Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore, India

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Editors R.K. Chaudhuri Indian Institute of Astrophysics II Block, Koramangala Sarjapur Road Bangalore-560034 India [email protected]

M.V. Mekkaden Indian Institute of Astrophysics II Block, Koramangala Sarjapur Road Bangalore-560034 India [email protected]

A.V. Raveendran Indian Institute of Astrophysics II Block, Koramangala Sarjapur Road Bangalore-560034 India [email protected]

A. Satya Narayanan Indian Institute of Astrophysics II Block, Koramangala Sarjapur Road Bangalore-560034 India [email protected]

ISSN 1570-6591 e-ISSN 1570-6605 ISBN 978-3-642-10321-6 e-ISBN 978-3-642-10322-3 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-10322-3 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2010924625 c Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010  This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: eStudio Calamar S.L. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

Preface

Spectroscopy is the basic tool employed in astronomy to derive physical parameters, like temperature, density, chemical composition, velocity and magnetic fields, that give insights into the physical processes that are operative in the celestial objects. Much of our understanding of stellar atmospheres and even low-density collisionally excited plasma, such as supernova remnants, is based on the understanding of plasma processes in the solar atmosphere. Although some of these processes can be studied by high spatial resolution images of the sun, our knowledge of the temperature, densities and dynamics of different regions of the solar atmosphere is based on the high-resolution spectroscopy in the X-ray, UV and optical spectral regions. The atomic and molecular spectroscopy plays a key role in understanding astrochemistry. For example, the carbon bearing molecules, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), are now thought to be widespread in the interstellar medium in their neutral and ionized forms. Identifying t