Recent advances of doped graphite carbon nitride for photocatalytic reduction of CO 2 : a review
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Recent advances of doped graphite carbon nitride for photocatalytic reduction of CO2: a review Xiaoyue Huang1 · Wenyi Gu2 · Yunfei Ma1 · Da Liu2 · Ningkai Ding2 · Liang Zhou2,3 · Juying Lei2,3 · Lingzhi Wang1 · Jinlong Zhang1,4 Received: 7 September 2020 / Accepted: 12 September 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract CO2 is the main gas that causes the “greenhouse effect,” and it is also a rich carbon resource. The photocatalytic conversion of C O2 into fuel not only relieves the pressure brought by the environment pollution, but also is promising way to achieve the carbon cycle and address the problem of energy shortage. It is essential to design efficient photocatalysts for the practical application of photocatalytic CO2 conversion. Doped graphite carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has a reduced bandgap, increased light absorption and effective charge separation and transfer efficiency. Recently, its application has been extended to the field of photocatalytic reduction of C O2. In this review, we first discuss the basic principles of photocatalytic reduction of CO2, then focus on the application of g-C3N4 doped with different elements in the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 in recent years, and then summarize different doping methods. Finally, challenges and opportunities are presented, and potential solutions are proposed for future research. Keywords g-C3N4 · Doping · CO2 · Photocatalytic reduction * Juying Lei [email protected] * Jinlong Zhang [email protected] 1
Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People’s Republic of China
2
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People’s Republic of China
3
Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, People’s Republic of China
4
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
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X. Huang et al.
Introduction Due to the rapid population growth and deepening industrialization in modern society, it has consumed a lot of nonrenewable resources such as oil, coal and natural gas [1–4]. This has not only produced a large amount of CO2 gas which caused a serious greenhouse effect but also caused energy crisis [5]. Reducing CO2 to an usable chemical substance is a two-for-one solution that not only mitigates the greenhouse effect but also provides ideas for solving energy problems [6, 7]. By studying photosynthesis in nature, the researchers are committed to using solar energy, which is a clean, nonpolluting, unlimited and sustainable 1/C2 fuels such as CO, C
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