Recent Developments in Palm Fibers Composites: A Review
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REVIEW
Recent Developments in Palm Fibers Composites: A Review Mohamad Alhijazi1 · Qasim Zeeshan1 · Babak Safaei1 · Mohammed Asmael1 · Zhaoye Qin2
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract There is a growing interest in the development of natural fiber composites (NFC), alternate to the existing artificial fiber composites. In recent years, the application of natural fibers as reinforcement in composite structures has received increasing attention due to their advantages of low cost, environmental friendliness and favorable biocompatibility over synthetic fiber composite materials. Every year, palm harvesting generates tons of biomass wastes around the globe, whereas these fibers have the potential to be recycled and involved in the development of palm natural fibers composites (PNFC). This paper presents a review on the recent developments in palm natural fibers composites. Various palm types and their extracts such as sugar palm, oil palm, date palm, and peach palm are included in the review. Furthermore, their physical, mechanical, morphological, electrical, and thermal properties are reviewed. It is observed that palm fibers can be applied with a variety of resins like epoxy, polyester, polypropylene, and high-density polyethylene since these PNFCs reveal a set of remarkable characteristics. Keywords Natural fibers composites · Palm fibers · Mechanical properties · Physical properties · Thermal properties
Introduction Recently, the main interest of scientists and engineers has been to develop novel materials to replace the classical ones such as metals, synthetic fibers, composites, alloys, etc. Fibers naturally derived from plants, i.e. natural fibers, have been used for more than seventy years. Furthermore, research on the application of natural fibers such as animal silk, feather, hemp, sisal, pineapple leaf, wood and even * Babak Safaei [email protected] Mohamad Alhijazi [email protected] Qasim Zeeshan [email protected] Mohammed Asmael [email protected] Zhaoye Qin [email protected] 1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eastern Mediterranean University, North Cyprus via Mersin 10, Famagusta, Turkey
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
2
bamboo [1–4], has attracted much attention among scientists and engineers, as these fibers provide several advantages such as abundance in nature, relative low cost, light weight and high strength to weight ratio [5–8]. In addition, their environmental aspects such as biodegradability, renewability, recyclability, sustainability, and low toxin emission when heated/processed are even more important [9–13]. Natural fiber composites (NFCs) are fabricated by adding natural fiber reinforcement into thermoplastic or thermosetting matrices. Over the last 10 years, NFCs made of hemp, sisal, flax, jute and kenaf [14] have been drastically involved in various fields such as circuit boards, automotive, and building materials, while their disadvantage
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