Recent progress on visible active nanostructured energy materials for water split generated hydrogen
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REVIEW
Recent progress on visible active nanostructured energy materials for water split generated hydrogen Ankita Rani1 · Pichiah Saravanan1 · Min Jang2 Received: 28 July 2020 / Accepted: 14 October 2020 © Islamic Azad University 2020
Abstract Solar-driven water splitting is one amongst the fastest growing areas of research for hydrogen evolution. The technology employs application of nanostructured energy materials with featured charge-separation and light absorption characteristics. The high charge-carrier recombination and wide band-gap of energy materials are major material-related bottlenecks that restricted the large-scale implementation. Besides it, the co-catalyst, electron mediator and sacrificial electron donor (SED) were the other major components for further improving the H2 yield. A water splitting reactor with well-optimized photon and mass transfer properties is mandatory for studying hydrogen evolution at large scale. The present review compiles various strategies that were presented for reducing charge-carrier recombination and extending visible light absorption of materials, insights for loading earth-abundant co-catalysts on photocatalyst surface, recently developed reversible redox and non-noble metal-based solid-state electron mediators and advantage of applying organic contaminant and biomass-derived waste as SEDs. The discussions on several engineered reactor designs for the photocatalytic water splitting technology were also presented. A cost-effective way of designing a photocatalytic water splitting system with functionalized nanostructured energy materials, the earth-abundant co-catalysts, organic waste-based electron donors and efficient electron mediators for achieving improved hydrogen evolution rate is comprehensively discussed.
* Pichiah Saravanan [email protected] 1
Environmental Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, Jharkhand 826004, India
Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 447‑1, Wolgye‑dong Nowon‑Gu, Seoul, South Korea
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Vol.:(0123456789)
Journal of Nanostructure in Chemistry
Graphic abstract
Keywords Nanostructure · Water splitting · Photocatalysis · Hydrogen · Co-catalyst · SEDs Abbreviations SED Sacrificial electron donor GHG Greenhouse gas VB Valence band CB Conduction band AQE Apparent quantum efficiency QE Quantum efficiency STH Solar to hydrogen NHE Normal hydrogen electrode HEP Hydrogen evolution photocatalyst OEP Oxygen evolution photocatalyst SRP Standard redox potential SHE Standard hydrogen electrode RRM Reversible redox mediators SSM Solid-state mediators IR Infra-red UV Ultraviolet PAC Polycyclic aromatic compounds PANI Polyaniline TEOA Triethanolamine PS Photosystem CNT Carbon nanotube FCNT Functionalized carbon nanotube MWCNT Multiwalled carbon nanotube
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QDs Quantum dots CQDs Carbon quantum dots TQD Titania quantum dots GR Graphene PVP Polyvinyl pyrollidone LDH Layered double
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