Recent Studies on Void Shrinkage in Metallic Materials Subjected to In Situ Heavy Ion Irradiations
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-020-04358-3 Ó 2020 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society
NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS UNDER EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS
Recent Studies on Void Shrinkage in Metallic Materials Subjected to In Situ Heavy Ion Irradiations T. NIU,1 M. NASIM,2 R.G.S. ANNADANAM,1 C. FAN,3 JIN LI,4 Z. SHANG,1 Y. XUE,2 A. EL-AZAB,1 H. WANG,1,5 and X. ZHANG
1,6
1.—School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. 2.—Department of Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. 3.—Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA. 4.—Institute of Special Environments Physical Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China. 5.—School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. 6.—e-mail: [email protected]
The continuous formation and growth of voids induced by radiations in metallic materials may lead to significant microstructure damage and degradation of mechanical properties. In sharp contrast to the void swelling commonly observed in irradiated metallic materials, nanovoids in nanoporous metallic materials are found to shrink during radiation and thus nanovoids enhance the radiation tolerance of metallic materials. This article reviews recent studies on size-dependent void shrinkage in metallic materials subject to in situ heavy ion irradiation. Furthermore, we demonstrate the capability of machine learning in identifying and tracking the evolution of nanovoids. The physical mechanisms of radiation induced void shrinkage revealed by simulation studies are briefly summarized.
INTRODUCTION Under high-energy particle irradiations, a large number of point defects are generated in irradiated metals, which further migrate and react with each other, agglomerating into various types of defect clusters, including dislocation loops, stacking fault tetrahedrons (SFTs), and cavities (voids and bubbles).1–5 Severe microstructure damage, such as void swelling and phase segregations, is frequently observed as a consequence of radiation.5–8 In particular, the formation and growth of voids, accompanied by significant volumetric increase of irradiated metals (often referred to as void swelling), lead to irradiation hardening and embrittlement.1,9,10 Extensive research efforts have been devoted to understanding void swelling mechanisms.11–14 Previous studies unraveled the temperature dependence of void swelling behavior, characterized by peak swelling at intermediate radiation temperatures due to maximized vacancy superBelow the peak swelling saturation.12,15–17
(Received June 21, 2020; accepted August 25, 2020)
temperature, low vacancy mobility hinders the diffusion of vacancies to the void surface. Beyond the peak swelling temperature, thermal emission of vacancies from voids and accelerated recombination between vacancies and interstitials result in reduced vacancy supersaturation, suppressing void swelling.11,17,18 Strategies to curtail void swelling have been an ongoing resea
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