Receptor-like protein kinase-mediated signaling in controlling root meristem homeostasis
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aBIOTECH
REVIEW
Receptor-like protein kinase-mediated signaling in controlling root meristem homeostasis Yafen Zhu1, Chong Hu1, Xiaoping Gou1& 1
Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
Received: 30 March 2020 / Accepted: 9 June 2020
Abstract
Generation of the root greatly benefits higher plants living on land. Continuous root growth and development are achieved by the root apical meristem, which acts as a reservoir of stem cells. The stem cells, on the one hand, constantly renew themselves through cell division. On the other hand, they differentiate into functional cells to form diverse tissues of the root. The balance between the maintenance and consumption of the root apical meristem is governed by cell-to-cell communications. Receptor-like protein kinases (RLKs), a group of signaling molecules localized on the cell surface, have been implicated in sensing multiple endogenous and environmental signals for plant development and stress adaptation. Over the past two decades, various RLKs and their ligands have been revealed to participate in regulating root meristem homeostasis. In this review, we focus on the recent studies about RLK-mediated signaling in regulating the maintenance and consumption of the root apical meristem.
Keywords Distal root meristem, Peptides, Proximal root meristem, Receptor-like protein kinases, Root apical meristem, Signal transduction
INTRODUCTION Continuous new organ initiation and outgrowth in plants rely on meristems that act as reservoirs of pluripotent stem cells. Like most of the plants, Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) carries two primary meristems, the shoot apical meristem (SAM) and the root apical meristem (RAM), which are responsible for the initiation of leaves, flowers, and the elongation of the main plant axes (Kitagawa and Jackson 2019). Besides the primary meristems, some plants also harbor a secondary meristem, the vascular meristem, which is responsible for the thickening of these axes (Fischer et al. 2019). The RAM is a complex and dynamic structure that harbors different cell types with divergent functions & Correspondence: [email protected] (X. Gou)
(Fig. 1). In the core of the RAM, there is a distinct central region called the stem cell niche, which comprises the quiescent center (QC) and initial cells (stem cells). The quiescent cells are mitotically inactive, which inhibit differentiation of the surrounding cells and maintain their stem cell characteristics (van den Berg et al. 1997). Four types of initial cells surround the QC, named vascular initials, cortex/endodermal initials, epidermal/ lateral root cap initials, and columella initials/columella stem cells (Sozzani and Iyer-Pascuzzi 2014). Through an asymmetric anticlinal cell division, the vascular initials give rise to the self-renewing stem cells and the sieve element–procambium precursor cells. The sieve element–procambium precursor cell then gives rise to two cells by a periclinal division. T
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