Recognizing Chinese Characters in Peripheral Vision: Different Levels of Processing of Character
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Recognizing Chinese Characters in Peripheral Vision: Different Levels of Processing of Character Manni Feng1,2,3 · Dan Sun4 · Ye Zhang1,2,3 Accepted: 3 October 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract It hasn’t been clear how holistic and analytic processing contribute to character recognition yet. The current study focused on two issues: (1) whether configural processing is sufficient to support the performance of identifying characters in absence of analytic processing; (2) whether configural processing involves multiple levels of character recognition. We examined the inversion effect in different levels of character processing from foveal to peripheral vision. Participants were asked to identify the stimulus from nine alternatives after a stimulus (character, radical, and stroke) is presented either in upright or inverted orientation. The results showed that the identification of characters and radicals had robust peripheral inversion effects at the locations of 6.2° and 12.2°, but the identification accuracies of inverted stimulus (parts only) remained above chance. These findings suggested that the configural processing of characters could not be isolated from analytical processing in the periphery in the current study. Furthermore, the greater inversion effect shown for characters than radicals at 6.2° might indicate that holistic processing of characters involves two levels of configurations: character structure and radical processing. The peripheral inversion effect for stroke was also observed and the role of stroke-based analytic in character recognition was discussed. Keywords Chinese character · Peripheral vision · Holistic processing · Analytic processing · Inversion effect
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s1093 6-020-09738-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Ye Zhang [email protected] 1
Centre for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
2
Institute of Psychological Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
3
Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
4
Department of Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Vol.:(0123456789)
Journal of Psycholinguistic Research
Introduction Chinese characters, compared to alphabetic written scripts, have complex spatial structures. There are at least three levels of perceptual organization for most Chinese characters: stroke, radical, and structure (Yeh et al. 2003). Strokes are the most basic elements, forming various types of radicals as well as simple characters. Radicals form different character structures with various configurations. Both configurations of strokes and radicals are regulated by spatial-position regularity, i.e. orthography (Ho et al. 2004; Wang et al. 2003; Yeh and Li 2002). So far, it remains contentious
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