Recoil studies in the reaction of 12 C ions with the enriched isotope 118 Sn
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ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS Experiment
Recoil Studies in the Reaction of 12C Ions with the Enriched Isotope 118 Sn* A. R. Balabekyan1)** , A. S. Danagulyan1) , J. R. Drnoyan1), 2) , N. A. Demekhina2), 3) , G. H. Hovhannisyan1) , J. Adam2), 4) , V. G. Kalinnikov2), M. I. Krivopustov2), V. S. Pronskikh2), V. I. Stegailov2) , A. A. Solnyshkin2), V. M. Tsoupko-Sitnikov2), S. G. Mashnik5), and K. K. Gudima6) Received July 24, 2009; in final form, October 29, 2009
Abstract—The recoil properties of the product nuclei from the interaction of 2.2 GeV/nucleon 12 C ions from Nuclotron of the Laboratory of High Energies, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research at Dubna with a 118 Sn target have been studied via catcher foils method. The experimental data were analyzed using the mathematical formalism of the standard two-step vector model. The results for 12 C ions are compared with those for deuterons and protons. Three different Los Alamos versions of the Quark–Gluon String Model were used for comparison with our experimental data. DOI: 10.1134/S1063778810070112
1. INTRODUCTION Studies of the interactions of high-energy projectiles with complex nuclear targets lead to an overall picture of great complexity. The violent processes associated with a high multiplicity of emitted particles that lead to products of hundred or more masses removed from the target are not well understood. On the other hand, if one investigates less violent encounters, which can be classified under the generic term of target fragmentation, some simplifications will be obtained. Many observations of the target or projectile fragmentation appear to be consistent with the two hypotheses originally associated with peripheral hadron–hadron interactions at high energies [1]. The first hypothesis predicts that both cross sections and kinematical characteristics of fragments will become independent of bombarding energy at high energies (“limiting fragmentation”). The second asserts that these fragment properties can be written as a product of target and projectile factors (“factorization”). That means the possibility to observe the ∗
The text was submitted by the authors in English. Yerevan State University, Armenia. 2) JINR, Dubna, Russia. 3) Yerevan Physics Institute, Armenia. 4) ˇ z, ˇ Czech Republic. INF AS, Re 5) Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA. 6) Institute of Applied Physics, Academy of Sciences of Moldo˘ va, Chisin ¸ au. ** E-mail: [email protected] 1)
scaling behavior in the cross sections of different interaction channels and in kinematical characteristics of the reaction products. The investigation of target fragmentation could be made both in the exclusive [2–5], and inclusive measurements [6, 7] in on-line and off-line experiments. The results received on known facilities FAZA, ALADIN [2–5] concern exclusive investigations of multifragmentation processes connected with multiple formations of intermediate mass fragments (IMF) 3 ≤ Z ≤ 20. One possible mechanism for such a process would be a simultaneous clustering of nucleons into fragments near th
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