Reconstruction Analysis of Radionuclides and Metals for Studying Contamination Assessment and Coastal Variability at the
Radioactivity and metal concentration measurements are provided at coastal areas of the Aegean Sea, assessing the anthropogenic impact as well as investigating natural phenomena. A summary of representative analysis combining the concentration of metals a
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Contents 1 Introduction 2 Status of Measurement Methods 2.1 Measurement Techniques 2.2 Dating Models 2.3 Assessment Tools 3 Temporal and Spatial Analysis at Coastal Areas 3.1 Mining Activity 3.2 Urban Areas 3.3 Dynamic Environments 4 Impact Assessment 4.1 Dose Rate Profiles 4.2 Metal Enrichment Profiles 4.3 Sedimentary Dynamics 5 Summary and Perspectives References
Abstract Radioactivity and metal concentration measurements are provided at coastal areas of the Aegean Sea, assessing the anthropogenic impact as well as investigating natural phenomena. A summary of representative analysis combining the concentration of metals and radionuclides (including the measuring methods) is described to assess in temporal basis the contamination status at the coastal areas. The work is focused on recently obtained results in (a) Lavrio and Ierissos Gulf where coastal mining activities occur, (b) Elefsis Gulf and Thermaikos Gulf
C. Tsabaris (*), F. K. Pappa, G. Eleftheriou, E. G. Androulakaki, and D. L. Patiris Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Anavyssos, Greece e-mail: [email protected] Christos L. Anagnostou, Andrey G. Kostianoy, Ilias D. Mariolakos, Panayotis Panayotidis, Marina Soilemezidou, and Grigoris Tsaltas (eds.), The Aegean Sea Environment: Anthropogenic Presence and Impact, Hdb Env Chem, DOI 10.1007/698_2020_669, © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
C. Tsabaris et al.
(Thessaloniki Bay) which are affected by two major urban areas, and (c) Gulf of Corinth and Litochoro Bay which both are characterized by dynamic natural phenomena. The radiological assessment was estimated via dose rate calculations using the ERICA assessment tool and the metal risk assessment via the enrichment factors and the pollution load index analysis. Furthermore, the percentage reduction of the 137 Cs inventory was calculated to evaluate the deposition on the marine sediment of the anthropogenic cesium released by nuclear weapon tests and accidents. Also, erosion/accretion patterns were calculated in a temporal basis according to the existing radiotracing method based on the ratio of two natural radionuclides of radium (226Ra/228Ra). Keywords Marine sediment, Metals, Pollution, Radiological assessment, Radionuclides, Reconstruction, The Aegean Sea
1 Introduction The levels of metal and radionuclide pollution is highly requested especially at coastal areas where enhanced industrial and urban activities occur and discharges of pollutants into the marine environment take place [1–3]. Marine sediment is characterized by metal and radionuclide absorption capabilities acting as a medium of their advection and diffusion. Although surficial sediment is the key matrix to study the current stage of accumulation and transportation of pollutants to biota, sediment cores are valuable to reconstruct historical trends of contamination events using radiometric dating methods. Thus, many recent works exploit the concentration of metals and radionuclides in sediment cores aiming to provide the reconstruction of the historical pollution trends, estimate the
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