Recovery of Iron from Pyrite Cinder Containing Non-ferrous Metals Using High-Temperature Chloridizing-Reduction-Magnetic
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INTRODUCTION
IN China, the utilization of secondary resources containing iron has received considerable attention due to the shortage of iron ore resources. Pyrite cinder is a significant secondary resource that is a byproduct of acid making, and it contains abundant iron and considerable amounts of non-ferrous metals. More than ten million tons of pyrite cinder is produced in the chemical industry in China annually,[1] which leads to serious environmental pollution and land occupation.[2,3] Pyrite cinder is characterized by a low iron grade and high content of non-ferrous metals. However, it is difficult to upgrade and smelt. Therefore, only a small portion of pyrite cinder has been utilized. For instance, pyrite cinder is used in paving, brickmaking, cement, and auxiliary additives.[4–7] The efficient utilization of pyrite cinder to reduce environmental pollution and to alleviate the shortage of iron ore has become urgent. The growing shortage of iron ore resources and the increase in demand for iron ore in China have sparked renewed interest in using pyrite cinder as an iron ore concentrate, blast furnace burden, or electric furnace burden. Consequently, several techniques have been reported in the literature. Researchers have used gravity separation, froth flotation, magnetic separation, and DONG CHEN, HONGWEI GUO, JIFANG XU, ZEMIN XU and HAIJIANG HUO are with the School of Iron and Steel, Soochow University, Suzhou 215021, Jiangsu, P.R. China. Contact e-mail: [email protected] YANAN LV is with the Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Suzhou Institute of Industrial Technology, Suzhou 215104, Jiangsu, P.R. China. Manuscript submitted June 5, 2016. Article published online January 18, 2017. METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B
chemical beneficiation to produce iron ore concentrate.[8–10] However, these methods are inefficient for the separation of the gangue, iron minerals, and non-ferrous metals in pyrite cinder. Next, sintering, pelletizing, and chloridizing roasting technologies were adopted to produce sinters and blast furnace pellets.[11–13] Nevertheless, a major drawback of these techniques is that they cannot recover iron from pyrite cinder with a low iron grade. In other studies, electric furnace burdens including direct reduced iron and iron powder were produced by treating pyrite cinder using reduction or reduction-magnetic separation techniques.[14,15] Meanwhile, it has been reported that non-ferrous metals, especially copper,[16] cannot be separated from iron by reduction or reduction-magnetic separation. Therefore, it is difficult to efficiently separate the gangue, iron minerals, and non-ferrous metals in pyrite cinder using traditional techniques. This work aims to explore an efficient methodology to recover iron from pyrite cinder containing non-ferrous metals. To utilize pyrite cinder, one of the key processes is the separation of the non-ferrous metals in pyrite cinder. Recently, some separation methods of non-ferrous metals from secondary resources have been reported. For instance, acid
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