Recrystallization and grain growth of cold-rolled gold sheet
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TRODUCTION
THE rolling textures of fcc metals have been studied, and it has been found that stacking fault energy (SFE) and deformation temperature are prevalent controlling factors.[1–4] The formation of cold-rolling textures in fcc metals has been reviewed by Hirsch and Lücke.[1,2] Without twinning, the general cold-rolling texture components for medium-high SFE materials are Copper {112}111, S{123}634, Brass{110}112 and Goss{110}001. In particular, metals with the Copper-type deformation texture have been extensively studied with the purpose of understanding microstructure and texture evolution during rolling and annealing. The annealing process consists of recovery, recrystallization, and grain growth.[5,6] During recovery, stored energy is released without high-angle grain boundary (GB) migration. Recrystallization is also driven by stored deformation energy but is accompanied by high-angle GB migration. Grain growth also involves the migration of grain boundaries, and the driving force for that is the reduction of the GB area. The recrystallization textures of fcc metals also have been investigated in many articles.[7–11] Most articles have focused on the formation of recrystallized cube {100}001 from the Copper-type deformation texture. Although the orientation distribution function (ODF) for many wrought fcc metals and alloys of medium-high SFE shows little indication of cube component, it develops remarkably during recrystallization. It has been known that the recrystallization texture is determined mainly by the orientation and growth rate of the nuclei. Sometimes, the deformation texture is similar to that of recrystallization. 316L austenitic stainless steel (17.75 wt pct Cr, 12.6 wt pct Ni, 2.38 wt pct Mo) shows similar texture JAE-HYUNG CHO, Research Associate, is with the Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.H.-P. HA, Senior Researcher, is with the Metal Processing Center, Korea Institute of Science & Technology, Seoul 130-650, Korea. K.H. OH, Professor, is with the School of Materials Science & Engineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Korea. Contact e-mail: [email protected] Manuscript submitted June 28, 2004. METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A
components in both deformation and recrystallization.[12] Cold rolling textures of 316L show mainly the Brass orientation with a spread toward the Goss orientation. The retention of the Brass orientation is attributed to oriented nucleation and to the inhibition of further selectively oriented growth by a strong solute effect of Molybdenum. In Mo-free austenitic stainless steels (18 wt pct Cr, 9 wt pct Ni), however, the general fcc rolling texture changes into different textures after annealing. Some shear textures formed on the surface show the retention of deformation texture or more complicated recrystallized behaviors during annealing.[13,14] Considering that surface shear is formed in a relatively narrow layer, the recrystallization kinetics for
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