Reduced Graphene Oxide Using an Environmentally Friendly Banana Extracts
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MRS Advances © 2019 Materials Research Society DOI: 10.1557/adv.2019.280
Reduced Graphene Oxide Using an Environmentally Friendly Banana Extracts Lattapol Buasuwan†, Vitchayes Niyomnaitham†, Aniwat Tandaechanurat* Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand †
These authors contributed equally to this work. Corresponding author E-mail address: [email protected]
*
ABSTRACT
One of the most promising methods to produce graphene in large scale is the use of chemical exfoliation together with chemical reduction to achieve reduced graphene oxide. Replacing conventional reducing agents, such as NaBH4 and hydrazine, with cheap, widely available, safe, environmentally friendly, and easy-to-prepare reducing agents is a key to large-scale commercial production of reduced graphene oxide. In this work, we investigate the effectiveness of utilizing fruit extracts derived from banana peel and juice to reduce graphene oxide. After the reduction, the oxygen-containing functional groups in graphene oxide are effectively removed, and the sp2 hybridized carbon–carbon bonding networks are restored, as evidenced by the characterization using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Our banana extracts would offer a promising pathway for realizing cheap, safe, and environmentally friendly reducing agents for the upscale production of reduced graphene oxide.
INTRODUCTION: Thin film materials that are electrically conductive, flexible, semi-transparent and low-cost are crucial for the realization of next-generation electronic devices, such as, flexible and light weight solar cells, displays, touchscreens, sensors, printed electronics and wearable electronics [1-4]. Currently, there are various materials that are suitable for fabricating highly conductive thin films, such as transparent conductive oxides (TCOs), conductive polymers, nanostructured metals, and carbon-based materials, including carbon nanotubes (CNTs), fullerene, and other carbon allotropes [5-8]. However, there are still many challenges and limitations that have hindered them from the commercialization. Despite their low sheet resistance of 20 𝛀/ᷥ and their transparent nature, TCOs are
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suffering from the environmental friendliness and flexibility issues [9]. In addition, indium, the main element used to form Indium Tin Oxide (ITO), one of the most widelyused TCOs, is being exhausted from the earth crust and would face a problem of supply shortage in the near future. Nanostructured metals, such as silver nanomeshes and nanowires, are expensive and are limited in availability. Moreover, silver can be harmful to the environment with a potential to cause adverse health effects [10]. Carbon allotropes, such as, CNTs and fullerene typically have poor material uniformity, resulting in relatively h
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