Reduced Graphene Oxide/Zinc Oxide Nanocomposite: From Synthesis to its Application for Wastewater Purification and Antib
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Reduced Graphene Oxide/Zinc Oxide Nanocomposite: From Synthesis to its Application for Wastewater Purification and Antibacterial Activity Taiba Naseem1 · Zain‑ul‑Abdin1 · Muhammad Waseem2 · Muhammad Hafeez1 · Salah Ud Din1 · Sirajul Haq1 · Mahfoz‑ur‑Rehman3 Received: 5 March 2020 / Accepted: 31 March 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Currently, wastewater treatment is one of the most important issues related to the toxic effects of the pathogens and hazardous water pollution impact on human beings, agriculture and animals. In this study, we synthesized reduced graphene oxide/ zinc oxide (rGO/ZnO) nanocomposite using a chemical method. The synthesized rGO/ZnO nanocomposite was characterized by XRD, SEM, EDX, FT-IR and UV–Vis spectroscopy. The rGO/ZnO nanocomposite was analyzed for reduction of methylene blue (MB) and 4-nitrophenole (4-NP). The antibacterial activity of GO and rGO/ZnO was also analyzed. The degradation rate of MB under UV lamp by rGO/ZnO nanocomposite was found to be 80% after 5 h. The reduction of 4-NP into 4-aminophenol (4-AP) was completed in 10 min in the absence of reducing agent, whereas in the presence of reducing agent (NaBH4), the reduction time was reduced to 3 min. Furthermore, rGO/ZnO nanocomposite was also analyzed for anti-bacterial activity on Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli bacterial strains using agar well disk diffusion method. The results of anti-bacterial activity showed that rGO/ZnO nanocomposite exhibits better anti-bacterial activity than GO. This indicated the increased biocompatibility of the rGO/ZnO nanocomposite than GO. It was found that rGO/ZnO nanocomposites has great potential for reduction of 4-NP to 4-AP, shows superior antibacterial activity and can be used for biomedical application. Keywords Graphene oxide · Zinc oxide · Water purification · Photocatalytic activity · Antibacterial activity
1 Introduction Wastewater contains varieties of pollutants depending on their sources. The major pollutants in wastewater could be heavy metals (Ag, Pb, Cd, Hg, Cr, etc.), organic compounds (phenolic compounds, dyes, halogenated compounds, oils, etc.), as well as biodegradable, volatile and recycled organic compounds, pathogens, suspended solids and parasites [1]. The removal of these pollutants from wastewater through an
* Zain‑ul‑Abdin [email protected] 1
Deparment of Chemistry, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad 13100, Pakistan
2
Deparment of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan
3
Deparment of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, KPK, Pakistan
efficient and appropriate treatment process is an important issue for both environmental and ecological balance as well as sustainable industrial development. In the past decades, the nanomaterials got much attention of the scientists due to their application in various fields, such as catalysis [2], medicine [3], sensing [4–6], biology [7] and wastewater treatme
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