Reducing recidivism using the Reasoning and Rehabilitation program: a pilot multi-site-controlled trial among prisoners
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Reducing recidivism using the Reasoning and Rehabilitation program: a pilot multi-site-controlled trial among prisoners in Switzerland Ste´phanie Baggio1,2,3 • Michael Weber3 • Astrid Rossegger3,4 • Jerome Endrass3,4 • Patrick Heller2,5 Andres Schneeberger6,7 • Marc Graf8 • Michael Liebrenz1
•
Received: 28 April 2019 / Revised: 8 April 2020 / Accepted: 9 April 2020 Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+) 2020
Abstract Objectives This study evaluated whether the Reasoning and Rehabilitation (R&R2) program was effective in reducing recidivism, minimizing dropout rates, and improving outcomes related to attitudes, behaviors, and personality among people living in detention. Methods Data were collected in eight Swiss German-speaking prisons among males detained for violent offenses using a quasi-experimental controlled design (R&R2: n = 129, treatment as usual [TAU]: n = 84). Measures included recidivism, dropout rate, and self-report questionnaires (hostile attribution bias, aggressiveness, interpersonal problems, and willingness to accept responsibility). Data were analyzed using mixed-effect models. Results Participants in the R&R2 group were less likely to reoffend in comparison with the TAU group in the intention-totreat (n = 51, odds ratio = 0.75, p = .060) and the per-protocol (excluding dropouts; n = 38, odds ratio = 0.65, p = .068) analyses. They also had lower self-reported scores of spontaneous and reactive aggressiveness (p = .047 and p = .070) and excitability (p = .086). Conclusions The findings of this pilot project were promising, with the R&R2 program leading to reduced recidivism and dropout rate. Even though these results should be considered preliminary, the R&R2 program appeared to be a relevant approach in reducing recidivism after prison. Keywords Intervention Mental health Psychotherapy Reoffending
Introduction The main objective of most forensic treatment programs is to reduce recidivism. The effects of various therapies designed to enhance rehabilitation have been well studied, and there is increasing evidence of a beneficial effect of
& Ste´phanie Baggio [email protected] 1
2
Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland Division of Prison Health, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Chemin du Petit Bel Air 2, 1226 Thoˆnex, Geneva, Switzerland
3
Office of Corrections, Canton of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
4
Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Constance, Germany
cognitive–behavioral therapies on the recidivism rate (Koehler et al. 2013; Mpofu et al. 2018; Tong and Farrington 2006). One of the most commonly used cognitive– behavioral therapies designed to enhance rehabilitation is the Reasoning and Rehabilitation (R&R) program, which addresses antisocial, offending behaviors, and cognitive deficits by developing cognitive and social skills and 5
Adult Psychiatry Division, Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, G
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