Refugee Health
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Refugee Health Pascale A. Allotey
INTRODUCTION The study of refugees as a population invites a multidisciplinary approach because their very existence often is a result of history, politics, economics, conflict and, more recently, globalization; their protection is a matter of international, refugee, humanitarian, and human rights law; their settlement involves immigration, citizenship, and national sovereignty; and their long-term outcomes involve multi-sectoral collaboration between providers of education, health, and welfare. As a population, refugees are influenced directly by the culture of the countries of origin, the culture of conflict and instability, and the culture of the countries in which they resettle. This entry provides a brief overview of the health of the world’s refugees. It covers the cultural issues affecting health and the provision of health care from conflict through to settlement. It also examines a range of cross-cultural approaches to the health of refugees in a number of countries.
BACKGROUND The international community, initially through the League of Nations, and subsequently the United Nations (UN), recognized that priority needed to be given to addressing the vulnerability of the many displaced individuals living within a context where governments were unwilling or unable to enforce laws and protect their
basic rights. Refugee protection on a large scale first occurred with the setting up of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for almost 1,000,000 Palestinian Refugees in 1950 and culminated in the establishment of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and the drafting and passage of the Convention on the Status of Refugees in 1951 (hereafter referred to as The Convention). The Convention and the subsequent Protocol in 1967, defined refugees as individuals who (1) face threats of or experience torture, trauma or other forms of persecution by virtue of their race, religion, nationality or membership of a particular social group, or their political opinion; (2) were outside their country of origin; and (3) for these reasons were unable to return (UNHCR, 1951, 1967). Governments that are signatories to The Convention have a number of obligations. These include to supp
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