Regulatory mechanisms across networks of the circadian clock and senescence pathways
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REVIEW ARTICLE
Regulatory mechanisms across networks of the circadian clock and senescence pathways Neelofar Majeed1 • Kishore C. S. Panigrahi2
•
Lala Behari Sukla3 • Riffat John1 • Madhusmita Panigrahy3
Received: 31 March 2020 / Accepted: 20 August 2020 Ó Society for Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology 2020
Abstract The circadian clock serves the fitness of higher plants by controlling various aspects of plant growth and development ranging from photosynthesis to flowering and defense mechanisms. The key components of the core oscillator mediate the circadian output through transcriptional or post-transcriptional mechanisms by phase-wise expression and repression of numerous genes. Senescence on the other hand is a tightly regulated developmental process that facilitates the remobilization of nutrients and leads to inevitable death of the plant in the end. Thus, senescence is critical for flowering, ripening of fruits, biomass production and the yield of crop plants. The circadian clock and senescence are tightly interwoven in many eukaryotes. However, in plants the intricacy of regulations by the circadian oscillator for triggering the onset or progress of senescence is not known in detail. Clock regulation during senescence is known through several cross-signaling networks, such as age-dependent, hormone-mediated and dark-induced. The present review aims to expound on the recent advances in understanding the cross-network regulations of the circadian clock during different types of senescence in plants. Keywords Circadian clock Senescence Age-induced Abiotic stress Biotic stress Dark-induced Abbreviations ET Ethylene CK Cytokinin Phy Phytochrome ROS Reactive oxygen species ABA Abscisic acid JA Jasmonic acid SA Salicylic Acid
& Kishore C. S. Panigrahi [email protected]; [email protected] & Madhusmita Panigrahy [email protected]; [email protected] 1
University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir 190006, India
2
School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), P.O. Jatni, Khurda, Odisha 752050, India
3
Biofuel and Bioprocessing Research Center, Institute of Technical Education and Research, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751002, India
Types of senescence Why living organisms senesce is among the fundamental questions in biology. There has been significant progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms of leaf senescence from the ground-breaking findings of several genetic (Lim et al. 2003), molecular (Lim and Nam 2005) and ‘omic’ analyses (Kim et al. 2016). It is now apparent that senescence in plants is tightly controlled by highly complex genetic programs and encompasses multiple layers of regulations at the transcriptional (Breeze et al. 2008), translational (Kim et al. 2018), post-transcriptional, posttranslational (Woo et al. 2013) and chromatin levels (Ay et al. 2014). Senescence is induced naturally by aging or under various biotic and
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