Relationship between submicron particle formation and air mass history observed in the Asian continental outflow at Gosa
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Relationship between submicron particle formation and air mass history observed in the Asian continental outflow at Gosan, Korea, during 2008–2018 Sang-Woo Kim 1
&
Junghwa Heo 1 & Jong-Uk Park 1
Received: 27 June 2020 / Accepted: 1 September 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract We investigated the impact of air mass origin on submicron particle size distributions and new particle formation (NPF) events using 10-year measurements at Gosan, Korea, in the Asian continental outflow. NPF events were identified on approximately 27.1% of total observation days, and 123 and 381 days of them were classified as strong and weak NPF days, respectively, based on the first-mode loading vectors and corresponding principal components in the cyclostationary empirical orthogonal function analysis. NPF events occurred less than 15% of the total observation days for the South China (SC), Pacific Ocean, and stagnation (ST) air mass sectors, whereas 33.1% (243 days out of total 734 observation days) were identified as NPF events for the air mass traveling from the North China (NC) sector. Consistently, the lowest mode diameter (50.5 nm), highest formation rate, and the lowest growth rate were found in the NC air mass sector. The highest mode diameter (89.8 nm) was observed at the SC air mass sector because of the coagulation of newly formed aerosols under relatively humid conditions during the transport in summer. The condensation sink for SC (10.70 ± 2.35 × 10−3 s−1) and ST (10.80 ± 4.24 × 10−3 s−1) was approximately 25% higher than that for the NC air mass sector. Keywords New particle formation . Air mass . Submicron particle . Gosan . CSEOF
Introduction Submicron particles, which dominate the number concentration of atmospheric aerosols, have been of great interest because they not only can directly change the solar radiation budget but also affect the microphysical properties of clouds by acting as cloud condensation nuclei (Dameto de España et al. 2017; Kalkavouras et al. 2017; Kuang et al. 2009; Spracklen et al. 2008). The concentration and size distributions of these submicron particles vary significantly with geographical locations. They can also temporally vary at a given location, mainly related with their primary emission from local sources and secondary formation in the atmosphere (Spracklen et al. 2010). The newly formed nanoparticles from gas-to-particle conversion can quickly grow into submicron
* Sang-Woo Kim [email protected] 1
School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
particles (Dal Maso et al. 2005; Hamed et al. 2007; Kulmala et al. 2001; Kulmala 2003; Kulmala et al. 2004, 2014). The new particle formation and subsequent growth (hereafter, “NPF”) event is strongly influenced by the ultraviolet solar radiation, precursor gas and preexisting particle concentrations, and vapor availability (Hamed et al. 2011; Hyvönen et al. 2005; Kulmala and Kerminen 2008; Lee et al. 2008; Song et al. 2010; Young et al. 2013). Furthermore, air mass origin and its transport
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