Relationship between water content, shear deformation, and elastic wave velocity through unsaturated soil slope
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Relationship between water content, shear deformation, and elastic wave velocity through unsaturated soil slope Yulong Chen 1,2 & Muhammad Irfan 2,3 & Taro Uchimura 2 & Qingxiang Meng 4 & Jie Dou 5 Received: 23 May 2019 / Accepted: 2 May 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This study aims to determine the relationship between water content, shear deformation, and elastic wave velocity of unsaturated soil slope. The individual influence of volumetric water content and tilt angle on the normalized wave velocity through unsaturated soil was investigated through a series of adjustable slope model tests. The relationship function between volumetric water content, tilt angle, and normalized wave velocity was established. To verify the proposed relationship function, fixed slope model tests were carried out. The relationship functions could be used to estimate the behaviors of wave velocity in rainfall-induced slope failure model tests. The applicability of proposed relationship function for wave velocity behaviors is also presented. It is found that the relationship function is highly consistent with the measurements for wave velocity behaviors through unsaturated soil slope. In addition, the effects of rainfall duration/initial water content, density, slope angle, and surface layer thickness seem to be small on the decrease rate of normalized wave velocity with volumetric water content and tilt angle. Keywords Elastic wave velocity . Volumetric water content . Tilt angle . Decrease rate
Introduction The water flow through soil has significant effects on slope stability during rainfall (Rahardjo et al. 2010). The increase in the water content could increase the pore water pressure and decrease the effective stress of soil, in worst cases leading to slope movements (Fang and Esaki 2012; Hakro and Harahap 2015; Chen et al. 2020). Water content variations and deformations of soils, in turn, result in varying elastic wave
* Yulong Chen [email protected] * Jie Dou [email protected] 1
School of Energy and Mining Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, China
2
Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
3
Birudo Engineers, 107/C, PAF Officers Colony, Lahore, Pakistan
4
College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
5
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Niigata, Japan
velocities (Chen and Uchimura 2015; Chen 2016; Chen et al. 2016a, b, 2017, 2018a, b, 2019a, b; Irfan et al. 2017). The characteristics of elastic wave velocity in soils provide a large amount of information on soil properties. Nondestructive investigations on soil mechanics based on information carried by elastic waves are highly employed in geotechnical applications for determining soil properties (Youd and Idriss 2001; Robertson et al. 1995; Ramaiah et al. 2016; Sahadewa et al. 2015; Karray et al. 2010, 2011; Chien and Oh 2000; Lontsi et al. 2016
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