Relationship of Various Structural Parameters with Magnetic Behavior of Stoichiometric Tb 3+ and Dy 3+ Co-substituted Ni
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Relationship of Various Structural Parameters with Magnetic Behavior of Stoichiometric Tb3+ and Dy3+ Co-substituted NiFe2O4 Nanostructures Salma Ikram 1 & Jolly Jacob 2 & Khurram Mehboob 3 & K. Mahmood 1 & M. Shahid Nawaz 1 & N. Amin 1 Received: 3 May 2020 / Accepted: 14 September 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this study, we have successfully controlled the structural parameters of NiFe2-x-y TbxDyyO4 (x + y = 0, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2) of nickel ferrites with the substitution of rare earth metal ions (RE3+ = Tb3+, Dy3+) in order to optimize the magnetic properties. XRD reflections had ensured phase purity and single phase of FCC structure formation for all synthesized samples with no additional impurity peaks. It was found that crystallite size and lattice parameters are found to decrease from 28.13 to 25.2 nm and 8.43 to 8.41 Å, respectively, with increasing the amount of dopant ions. The magnetic parameters for NiFe2-x-yTbxDyyO4 (x + y = 0, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2) were measured by tracing the hysteresis curves for all synthesized samples at room temperature. VSM data suggested a decrease in magnetization which is attributed to increase in spin disorder due the decrease of crystallite size which was associated with increase in contents of Tb3+, Dy3+ ions in the host structure. Higher dopant concentrations have greatly reduced coercivity and improve initial permeability. Hence, size and shape of particles are the key features which govern the stability and magnetic properties of ferrite nanoparticles. Keywords NiFe2O4 nanostructures . Auto-combustion method . XRD . VSM
1 Introduction Since several decades, nickel ferrites constitute an important class of ceramic material among ferrimagnetic spinel materials that are under investigation. These materials have promising magnetic, electrical, and structural properties that strongly affected by the cation distribution on octahedral and tetrahedral sites in the spinel lattice [1]. Nickel ferrites are preferred over other ferrites due to their potential applications in microwave absorbers, sensors, multilayer chip inductors, surface mount
* K. Mahmood [email protected] 1
Department of Physics, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
2
College of Arts and Science, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
3
Department of Nuclear Engineering, College of Engineering, King AbdulAziz University (KAU), P. O. Box 80204, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
devices, transformer cores, and other high frequency devices [2]. Since Fe3+ ions have ability to occupy both tetrahedral and octahedral sites in the inverse spinel lattice of nickel ferrites, therefore the ratio of ions on both sites is disturbed due to the incorporation of RE3+ ions. This behavior affected the physical properties of synthesized materials [3]. Whenever a metal ion enters in spinel lattice, three types of magnetic interactions, A-A interaction, B-B interactions, and A-B interactions, through intermediate oxygen
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